The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [243]
377 survey conducted by Ko-lin Chin: Alex Tizon, “The Rush to ‘Gold Mountain’: Why Smuggled Chinese Bet Everything on a Chance to Live and Work in the U.S.,” Seattle Times, April 16, 2000.
377 among the forty billionaires: Ibid.
377 Almost six thousand Chinese crewmen: L. Ling-chi Wang, “Politics of Assimilation and Repression,” p. 272. He cites the number of 5,834, given by an annual report of the U.S. Immigration Service.
378 “During the Cultural Revolution”: Ko-lin Chin, p. 24.
378 “I was victimized under the one-child policy”: Ibid., p. 24.
378 “I heard that everything was so nice in America”: Ibid., p. 14.
378 “Before I came, I thought America was a very prosperous country”: Ibid., p. 25.
378 “going to America as going to heaven”: Ibid., p. 24.
378 “For us, it doesn’t mean freedom”: Paul J. Smith, ed., Human Smuggling, p. xii.
378 up to $8 billion a year: Associated Press, January 28, 2000.
378 $60,000 to $70,000: Shawn Hubler, “The Changing Face of Illegal Immigration Is a Child’s,” Los Angeles Times, January 31, 2000.
379 locked in a motel basement: Allentown Pennsylvania Morning Call, August 2, 1993.
379 forced to hide in a pigsty: Ko-lin Chin, p. 52.
379 review of internal INS documents: Author’s visit to Immigration and Naturalization Service headquarters in Washington, D.C.
379 one in five illegal Chinese: Asia, Inc., May 1993.
379 Description of smuggling activities from Canada or Mexico: Kenneth Yales, “Canada’s Growing Role as a Human Smuggling Destination and Corridor to the United States,” in Paul J. Smith, Human Smuggling, pp. 156-168; Ko-lin Chin, “Safe House or Hell House? Experience of Newly Arrived Undocumented Chinese,” in Paul J. Smith, Human Smuggling, p. 169.
380 “It is arduous and taxing”: Sunday Telegraph (London), June 25, 2000.
380 rotting, crumbling wood: Malcolm Glover and Lon Daniels, “Smuggler Main Ship Hunted on High Seas,” San Francisco Examiner, June 3, 1993, p. 1.
380 bail water out of sinking ships: Ko-lin Chin, p. 71.
380 considered dynamiting it: Ibid., p. 71.
380 “the most incredibly screwed-up”: Jan Ten Bruggencate, “147 Illegals Endured a Ship of Ghouls,” Honolulu Advertiser, August 23, 1995.
380 Golden Venture: Newsweek, June 21, 1993; Seattle Times, April 16, 2000.
381 died of asphyxiation in a sealed trailer: Sunday Telegraph (London), June 25, 2000.
381 five Chinese corpses: Ibid.
381 fifty-eight Chinese suffocated: Ibid.
381 fans, mattresses, and cell phones: Kim Murphy, “Smuggling of Chinese Ends in a Box of Death, Squalor,” Los Angeles Times, January 12, 200C.
381 “awash in human waste”: Chelsea J. Carter, “More Chinese Illegal Immigrants Arrive in Shipping Containers,” Associated Press, April 10, 2000.
381 twelve days and nights: Los Angeles Times, January 24, 2000.
381 fifteen Chinese stowaways: Scott Sunde, “Chinese Smugglers Switch to New Tactics,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, February 10, 2000.
382 strapping themselves to the landing gear: Michelle Malkin, “Dying to Be an American,” Washington Times, January 18, 2000, p. A12.
382 withheld food and water from all females: New York Post, June 24, 1993; Ko-lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese, p. 74.
382 water spiked with sleeping pills: Ko-lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese, p. 74.
382 sexually assaulted many of the male passengers: Anthony M. DeStefano, “Chinese Turned into Sex Slaves,” Newsday, August 23, 1995, as cited in Paul J. Smith, Human Smuggling, p. 11; Honolulu Advertiser, August 23, 1995.
382 charged a hundred dollars for a single international phone call: Ko-lin Chin, “Safe House or Hell House?,” in Paul J. Smith, ed., Human Smuggling, p. 180; Ko-lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese, p. 104.
382 signed IOUs sealed with their own blood: Honolulu Advertiser, August 23, 1995.
382 shackled and handcuffed: Ko-lin Chin, in Paul J. Smith, ed., pp.183-84.
382 FBI broke into a Brooklyn apartment: Peter Kwong, The New Chinatown, pp. 179-80.
383 eight gangsters from Fuzhou: Ibid., pp. 184-85.
383 raped and assaulted for months: