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The following classification of the stories according to the above described stages of development † is adapted from that supplied by Friedrich von der Leyen to his edition of the Nursery and Household Tales (Jena, 1912). The listing enables the reader to study for himself the stratifications of the inexhaustible text.

I. Primitive Belief: 28. 39. 55. 60. 85.105, i. ii. 109. 154.—II. Hero Sagas from the Period of the Migrations: 47. 52. 89, 111. 198.—III. Minstrel Work of the Tenth Century: 8. 18. 20. 33. 37. 45. 61. 64. 90. 91. 103. 112. 114. 146. 151. *151. 166. 183.—IV. Chivalrous Work of the Middle Ages: 1. 3. 4. 9. 11. 12. 13. 15. 19. 21. 24. 25. 31. 42. 43. 46. 49. 53. 57. 62. 63. 65. 67. 76. 88. 97. 106. 108. 113. 121. 123. 126. 127. 130. 135. 136. 137. 144. 169. 186. 192. 193. 201–210.—V. Oriental Influences: 6. 16. 29. 36. 51. 54. 56. 68. 71. 79. 92. 93. 94. 98. 107. 122. 129. 134. 143. 152. 165. 182.—VI. Animal Stories: 2. 17. 23. 27. 48. 58. 72. 73. 74. 75. 102. 132. 148. 157. 171. 173. 177. 187.—VII. Work of the Townsmen of the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries: 7. 4. 32. 34. 35. 44. 59. 70. 77. 81. 82. 83. 84. 87. 95. 100. 101. 104. 110. 115. 116. 118. 119. 120. 124. 125. 128. 147. 149. 153. 162. 164. 167. 168. 170. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 180. 183. 184. 189. 194. 195. 199.—VIII. From the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: 5. 22. 26. 40. 50. 69. 78. 96. 99. 117. 133. 141. 142. 145. 150. 155. 156. 160. 161. 163. 179. 181. 188. 191. 197.—IX. Jokes and Anecdotes: 10. 30. 38. 41. 66. 80. 86. 105, iii. 131. 138. 139. 140. 158. 159. 190. 196. 200.

* A review by Dr. Ruth Benedict will be found in The Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, article, “Folklore”; one by Professor William H. Halliday, under the same heading in The Encyclopaedia Britannica. A more detailed account with complete bibliography appears in Bolte and Polívka, op. cit., Vol. V, pp. 239–264.

† Theodor Benfey, Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher indischer Fabeln, Märchen und Erzählungen. Aus dem Sanskrit überzetzt mit Einleitung und Ammerkungen, Leipzig, 1859.

* For examples, see the classification of tales at the conclusion of the present section, p. 856, infra.

† Magic formulae betraying features of the early Germanic verse-style stand to this day in the Grimm collection:

Rapúnzel, Rapúnzel,

Lass dein Haár herúnter (No. 12.)

Éntchen, Éntchen,

Da steht Grétel und Háensel

Keín Stég und keíne Brúecke

Nimm úns auf deínen weíssen Rúecken. (No. 15.)

‡ How much Hellenistic and Roman material had infected the German tribal mythologies during earlier centuries, before and after the fall of Rome, remains a question; it is certain that much of the Balder and Woden imagery is by no means “primitive Aryan.” (Cf. Franz Rolf Schröder, Germanentum und Hellenismus, Heidelberg, 1924; Altgermanische Kulturprobleme, Berlin and Leipzig, 1929.)

* The Youth of Siegfried, Brynhild’s sleep, the sword in the tree and the broken sword, are motifs adopted from the Celtic tradition. The Icelandic Sagas and Eddas were powerfully influenced by the bards of Ireland. In the classification at the conclusion of the present section the tales under heading IV, Chivalrous Work of the Middle Ages, represent this body of matter as it was reworked under the influence of twelfth century Romance.

† Benfey, op. cit., p. XXVI. On the basis of a garbled story from the East, the Buddha was canonized by the medieval Church as Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, Abbots; Feastday, November 27. Following the work of the nineteenth century folklorists, these names were expunged from the calendar.

* Friedrich von der Leyen, Das Märchen, Leipzig, 3rd edition, 1925, pp. 147–148.

* Archer Taylor, The Black Ox Folklore Fellows Communications, Vol. XXIII, No. 70, Helsinki, 1927, p. 4.

† Adapted from Antti Aarne, Leitfaden der vergleichenden Märchenforschung, FFC., II, 13, 1913, pp. 23–29. Cf. also, Taylor, op. cit., p. 9, for a translation of the original list as given by Kaarle Krohn in Mann und Fuchs, Helsingfors, 1891, pp. 8–9.

‡ The