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8 Ray Surette, “Predator Criminals As Media Icons,” in G. Barak, ed., Media, Process, and the Social Construction of Crime (New York: Garland, 1994), pp. 131-58; Philip Jenkins, Using Murder (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1994), p. 156; Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Highlights from 20 Years of Surveying Crime Victims” (NCJ-144525), Washington, DC, 1993; National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States (reports during early and mid-1990s), Washington, DC; Dave Shiflett, “Crime in the South,” The Oxford American (Spring 1996): 136-41.

9 Krajicek, Scooped,p. 102. On how the news media perpetuates negative images of African Americans see also Mikal Muharrar, “Media Blackface,” Extra, September 1998, pp. 6-8; Dennis Rome, “Stereotyping by the Media,” in C. R. Mann and M. Zatz, eds., Images of Color, Images of Crime (Los Angeles: Roxbury, 1998), pp. 85-96.

10 Ted Rohrlich and Frederic Tulsky, “Not All L.A. Murders Are Equal,” Los Angeles Times, 3 December 1996, pp. A1, 14-15; Gelernter, “Victim’s Worth”; Shapiro, “One Violent Crime”; Gilliam, et al., “Crime in Black and White”; Jerome Skolnick, “Police Accountability and the Media,” American Bar Foundation Research Journal (1984): 521-57; Renée Kasinsky, “Patrolling the Facts,” in Barak, ed., Media, Process, and the Social Construction of Crime, pp. 203-34; Zhongdang Pan and Gerald Kosicki, “Assessing News Media Influences on Whites’ Race Policy Preferences,” Communication Research 23 (1996): 147-79. See also Van Jones, “Lessons from a Killing,” Extra, May 1998, pp. 23-24.

11 Helen Benedict, Virgin or Vamp:How the Press Covers Sex Crimes (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Esther Madriz, Nothing Bad Happens to Good Girls (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), p. 155.

12 Scott Harris, “The Color of News,” Los Angeles Times, 31 December 1995, p. B1. See also David Pritchard, “Race, Homicide and Newspapers,” Journalism Quarterly 62 (1985): 500—507.

13 See Gilliam, et al., “Crime in Black and White.”

14 Shaw made the comments during conversations in 1998. See also his “Minorites and the Press,” Los Angeles Times, 11 December 1990.

15 Richard Goldstein, “What’s Race Got to Do With It?” Village Voice, 9 April 1996, pp. 18-19.

16 Ibid. My depiction of the reporting relies on Goldstein’s analysis of the New York Post and other outlets, coupled with my own review of articles on the shooting and trial published in the New York Times, Newsday, and New YorkDailyNews.

17 See also Rebecca Alpert, “Coming Out of the Closet as Politically Correct,” Tikkun 11 (March 1996): 61-63.

18 Joe Feagin and Hernán Vera, White Racism(New York: Routledge, 1995), p. 79.

19 Quoted in Christopher J. Farley, “Enforcing Correctness,” Time, 7 February 1994, p. 37.

20 Ibid.; A. M. Rosenthal, “Bigots and Journalists,” New York Times, 4 February 1994, p. A23. See also James R. Gaines, “To Our Readers,” Time, 28 February 1994, in which the magazine’s managing editor defends the original piece and argues against another set of critics: those who claim that the media devote too much space to black—Jewish conflicts. In Gaines’s view, “there could be no more significant conflict than the one between Jewish and black people” (p. 11).

21 Steven Holmes, “Howard University Is Stung by Portrayal as Anti-Semitic,” New York Times, 21 April 1994, p. A1; Otesa Middleton and Larry Brown, “Howard University Is No Bastion of Anti-Semitism,” Los Angeles Times, 29 May 1994, p. M3; Christopher Shea, “Howard University Condemns Bigotry and Attacks on Its Reputation,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 27 April 1994, p. A32. For a description of Muhammad’s visit see also Michael Kelly, “Howard’s End,” New Republic, 21 March 1994, pp. 11-12. On other of Howard’s woes at the time: Joye Mercer and Julie Nicklin, “Howard University Lays Off 400,” Chronicle of Higher Education,16 November 1994, p. A28.

22 Abby Goodnough, “Organizers Press on with Plan for Million Youth March,” New York Times, 8 August 1998, p. A19;