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Outlook Begins to Shift,” New York Times, 19 August 1997, p. A11; idem, “Investigators Find Excerpts of Gulf War Chemical Logs,” New York Times, 24 October 1997, p. A12; dem, “Bombing Gas Sites May Pose Risk of Gulf War Syndrome,” New York Times, 11, February 1998, p. A6. “Thanks of a Grateful Nation” first aired 31 May 1998 on Show-time; John Sacret Young, “This Is the ‘Thanks’ They Get,” Los Angeles Times television section, 31 May 1998, p. 3; Philip Shenon, “Another Televised Strike Against the Pentagon,” New York Times, 31 May 1998, p. 34.

24 Gina Kolata, “Stress Study May Hold Clues to Gulf War Illness, Scientists Say,” New York Times, 28 May 1998, p. A25; PBS, “Frontline: Last Battle.” See also Lashof and Cassells, “Illness Among Gulf War Veterans.”

25 Michael Haederle, “He Fights So Your Next Breath Won’t Make You Sick,” Los Angeles Times, 5 May 1996, p. E3. Stories connecting Gulf War Syndrome and MCS: Ed Timms and Steve McGonigle, “Gulf War Vets’ Ailments Still Stymie Experts,” Dallas Morning News, 12 December 1993, p. A1; Bernstein and Kelley, “Gulf War Comes Home”; Associated Press, “Medical Professionals”; Jerome Marmorstein, “Getting at the Real Cause of Vets’ Ills,” op-ed on MSNBC, 1997 (Web posted).

26 “Common Chemicals Sicken Some,” Associated Press, 10 February 1995.

27 Michael Castleman, “This Place Makes Me Sick,” Sierra 78 (1993): 106-19.

28 Terr, “Clinical Ecology,” and idem, “Multiple Chemical Sensitivities,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 94 (1994): 362-66; American College of Physicians, “Clinical Ecology,” Annals of Internal Medicine 111 (1989): 168-78; Donald Black et al., “Environmental Illness,” Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (1990): 3166-71; A. Kay and M. Lessoff, “Allergy: Conventional and Alternative Concepts,” Clinical and Experimental Allergy 22, Suppl. 3 (1992): 1-44; Council on Scientific Affairs, “Clinical Ecology,” Journal of the American Medical Association 268 (1992): 3465—67; John Salvaggio, “Psychological Aspects of ‘Environmental Illness’,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 94 (1994): 366-70. Minnesota story: William Souder, “A Fragrant Violation,” Washington Post, 11 December 1994, pp. F1, 4.

29 Environmental illness: Steve Kroll-Smith and Anthony Ladd, “Environmental Illness and Biomedicine,” Sociological Spectrum 13 (1993): 7-33; Associated Press, “Common Chemicals.”

30 Linda and Bill Bonvie, “Gulf War’s Toxic Truth,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 27 November 1994.

31 Showalter, Hystories, p. 6. See also John Selner et al., “Double-Blind Provocation Chamber Challenges in 20 Patients Presenting with ‘MCS’,” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 18 (1993): 44-53.

32 Pamela Reed Gibson, “Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Culture and Delegitimization,” Feminism and Psychology 7 (1997): 475-93; Steve Kroll-Smith and H. Hugh Floyd, Bodies in Protest (New York: New York University Press, 1997), p. 5.

33 Kroll-Smith and Ladd, “Environmental Illness.” Research evidence: see, e.g., Terr, “Clinical Ecology”; Black et al., “Environmental Illness”; Ronald Gots, “Multiple Chemical Sensitivities,” Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 33 (1995): 111-14.

34 “Oprah,” October 1995.

35 Among the more influential broadcasts prior to the FDA ban was CBS, “Face to Face with Connie Chung,” 10 March 1990. See Marcia Angell, Science on Trial (New York: W W Norton, 1996), pp. 45-57.

36 FAA actions and criticism thereof: Shari Roan, “Journal Criticizes FDA for Breast Implant Restrictions,” Los Angeles Times, 18 June 1992, p. A40; Philip Hilts, “AMA Urges Full Availability of Breast Implants,” New York Times, 1 December 1993, p. A20. Question as unresolved: Sheryl Fragin, “Flawed Science at the Times,” Brill’s Content, October 1998, pp. 104-15. Epidemiological comparisons: Angell, Science on Trial, ch. 5; C. H. Hennekens et al., “Self Reported Breast Implants and Connective-Tissue Diseases ...” Journal of the American Medical Association 275 (28 February 1996): 616-21. Quotes from NPR, “All Things Considered,” 27 February 1996.

37 ABC News, “Nightline,” 17