The Day We Found the Universe - Marcia Bartusiak [145]
14 “a terrible old blow and grumbler” … “worthless”: LOA, Keeler to Holden, January 6, 1888.
14 “no inconvenience was felt” … “spider's thread.” Keeler (1888a, 1888b); LOA, Keeler to Holden, January 14, 1888. When the Voyager probe in the 1980s discovered a new separation in Saturn's rings, it was named the Keeler Gap in honor of the Lick astronomer.
15 displayed at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair: Osterbrock and Cruikshank (1983), p. 168.
15 “He was tolerant, amused and unwilling to take sides”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 235.
15 “Beautiful and accurate”: Barnard (1891), p. 546.
19 “as though it were a fort in hostile territory”: AIP, interview of Lawrence Aller by David DeVorkin on August 18, 1979.
19 “I am a human being first”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 108.
20 Saturn's rings were not solid: Maxwell (1983).
20 dispatched a report to the newly established Astrophysical Journal: Keeler (1895).
20 Crossley reflector: Keeler (1900b), p. 325.
20 Early telescopic mirrors: Osterbrock, Gustafson, and Unruh (1988), p. 22.
22 small zinc box: Babcock (1896).
22 “a pile of junk”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 246.
22 “the czar,” “the dictator”: Ibid., pp. 233, 240.
22 went out to say good-bye: AIP, interview of C. Donald Shane by Elizabeth Calciano in 1969.
22 Keeler, by this time, was getting restless … raise his salary: Osterbrock (1984), pp. 239–44.
23 Keeler won the vote by 12 to 9: Ibid., p. 268.
23 “Stay with us, Keeler” LOA, Keeler Papers, Box 31, newspaper clipping.
23 telegraphed his acceptance: Osterbrock (1984), p. 270.
24 Keeler went back to Mount Hamilton … oiled dirt: Campbell (1971), pp. 9, 53–54, 66; Osterbrock (1984), pp. 278–79.
24 “It [was] like being shipwrecked on an island”: Campbell (1971), p. 9.
24 If a hostess sent out an invitation for an evening gathering: Hussey (1903), p. 32.
24 Occasionally a ground squirrel would carry off a ball: Ibid., p. 30.
24 A biologist visiting Mount Hamilton: Shinn (c. 1890).
24 “There are no astronomical phenomena”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 291.
25 “No member of the staff was asked”: Campbell (1900a), p. 144.
25 acquired a stigma: Osterbrock (1984), p. 245.
26 Roberts had pioneered: Ibid., p. 169.
26 “hand down to our successors”: Pang (1997), p. 177.
26 “No Work of Importance”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 297.
26 innumerable engineering problems: LPV, Crossley Reflector Logbook, James F. Keeler, June 1, 1898, to April 10, 1899.
27 “The fainter stars” … “fairly good”: Ibid.
27 upper wall was painted black: Keeler (1899d), p. 667.
27 “On the negative of November 10”: Keeler (1898a), p. 289.
27 “Nebulous wisps …”: Keeler (1898b), p. 246.
28 “The photographic power”: Keeler (1899a), pp. 39–40.
28 “We know them so well today”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 306.
28 “The [Crossley's] workmanship is poor”: HP, Keeler to Hale, February 5, 1899.
28 first spiraling nebula on April 4 … “valueless”: LPV, Crossley Reflector Logbook, James Keeler, June 1, 1898, to April 10, 1899.
29 “Everyone in the Observatory”: LOA, Hale to Keeler, June 12, 1899.
30 “Several other faint nebulae”: Keeler (1899b), p. 538.
30 just stood in front of Keeler's photographs: Osterbrock (1984), p. 309.
30 “on the successes rather than on the failures”: LOA, Keeler to Campbell, June 14, 1900.
30 “The finest I have ever seen”: Osterbrock (1984), p. 310.
31 “a rather remarkable number”: Keeler (1899c), p. 128.
31 “there are nearly as many”: Ibid.
31 “There are hundreds, if not thousands”: Ibid.
31 only seventy-nine were identified as spirals: Dewhirst and Hoskin (1991), p. 263.
32 “a mirey climate for a great telescope”: Osterbrock (1984), pp. 320–21.
32 “The spiral nebula has been regarded”: Keeler (1900a), p. 1.
32 “from the great nebula in Andromeda”: Keeler (1900b), p. 347.
33 “If … the spiral is the form”: Ibid., p. 348.
33 “The heavens are full”: LOA, “Abstract of Lecture at Stanford University,” Keeler Papers, Box 31.
33 “Keeler … was a far better trained, more experienced spectroscopist”: Osterbrock (1984),