The Day We Found the Universe - Marcia Bartusiak [150]
77 “I do not see much hope of our getting the spectrum”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, February 26, 1909.
77 Campbell at the Lick Observatory had recently written yet another article critical of the Lowell Observatory: The article was Campbell (1908), 560–62. According to John C. Duncan, then a graduate student at Lick working on his thesis, two astronomers at Lick had “charted several stars not seen there by Lowell … from what I can gather Campbell is preparing a bunch of fireworks to shoot off in the various periodicals. In all probability there will be much entertainment for those who enjoy scientific argument.” (LWA, Duncan to Slipher, September 13, 1908.) Despite these occasional interobservatory tussles, Campbell and Slipher generally maintained a cordial correspondence, most often discussing equipment.
77 to see 173 stars in a given field of the sky, where Lick's 36-incher could see only 161: P. Lowell (1905), 391–92.
77 “I have come to the conclusion”: LWA, Slipher to Miller, October 18, 1908.
78 “This plate of mine”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, December 3, 1910.
78 “there is no more pressing need at present”: Smith (1994), p. 54.
79 “It is not really very good”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, September 26, 1912.
79 November 15 observation details: LWA, Spectrogram Record Book II, September 24, 1912, to July 28, 1913, pp. 34–37.
79 December 3 and 4 observation details: Ibid., pp. 61–62.
79 high-voltage induction coils: Hall (1970a), p. 85.
80 “encouraging results or (I should say) indications”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, December 19, 1912.
80 “I congratulate you on this fine bit of work”: LWA, Lowell to Slipher, December 24, 1912.
80 “would doubtless impress all these observers”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, December 19, 1912.
81 On a scale from 1 to 10: LWA, Douglass to Lowell, January 14, 1895.
81 December 29–31 observation details: LWA, Spectrogram Record Book II, September 24, 1912, to July 28, 1913, pp. 69–70.
81 “I feel safe to say here that the velocity bids fair to come out unusually large”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, January 2, 1913.
81 spectrocomparator operation: Slipher (1917b), p. 405.
81 calculations to convert the measured shift: LWA, V. M. Slipher Working Papers, Box 4, Folder 4-9.
82 He also sent a print of the spectrum to Edward Fath: LWA, Slipher to Fath, January 18, 1913.
82 “the shift has no direct bearing”: Fath (1908), p. 75.
82 today, with far better equipment, astronomers measure Andromeda approaching us at 301 kilometers per second: See I. D. Karachentsev and O. G. Kashibadze (2006), 7.
82 “agree as closely as could be expected”: LWA, Slipher to Lowell, February 3, 1913.
82 publish his brief account: Slipher (1913).
82 “It looks to me as though you have found a gold mine”: LWA, Miller to Slipher, June 9, 1913.
82 “beauty”: LWA, Wolf to Slipher, February 21, 1913.
82 “It is hard to attribute it to anything but Doppler shift”: LWA, Frost to Slipher, October 23, 1913.
82 “Your high velocity for [the] Andromeda Nebula is surprising in the extreme”: LWA, Campbell to Slipher, April 9, 1913.
83 “I had planned to get at this work years ago”: LWA, Wright to Slipher, August 19, 1914.
83 “It looks as if you had made a great discovery”: LWA, Lowell to Slipher, February 8, 1913.
83 “Spectrograms of spiral nebulae are becoming more laborious”: LWA, Slipher Papers, Hoyt-V. M. Box, Report F4, titled “Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae and Star Clusters.”
83 “heavy and the accumulation of results slow”: Slipher (1913), p. 57.
83 “telescopic object of great beauty”: LWA, Slipher Working Papers, Box 4, Folder 4-4.
83 “no less than three times that of the great Andromeda Nebula”: Ibid.
84 “When I got the velocity of the Andr. N. I went slow”: LWA, Slipher to Miller, May 16, 1913.
84 dust clouds illuminated by reflected starlight: LWA, Slipher to J. C. Duncan, December 29, 1912.
84 “undergoing a strange disintegration”: LWA, Slipher to E. Hertzsprung, May 8, 1914.
84 “more numerous in, rather than outside, the Galaxy”: LWA, Slipher to Miller, May 16, 1913.
84 “I leaned