The Dirt on Clean - Katherine Ashenburg [117]
208 the Union government: Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 36–45.
209 The Union army: Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 58, 38, 57, 53.
210 Dirt was seen: Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 70, 59ff., 51–53.
211 Booker T. Washington … that student’s future: Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963), 31, 37, 88, 126–27; Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 89–92.
213 37 per cent: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 17. On American immigration, see also Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 87–122.
213 The public bath: David Glassberg, “The Public Bath Movement in America,” American Studies 20 (Fall 1979): 9.
214 How the Other Half Lives: Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Hill and Wang, 1968), 80–81.
214 When New York: Jacob A. Riis, The Battle with the Slum (Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 1969), 281.
214 paper published in Science: Joseph Hall, “The Macbeth Effect: Is Cleansing Theory Spot-On?” Toronto Star, 8 Sept. 2006, A16.
216 Sol Meyerowitz: Neil M. Cowan and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, Our Parents’ Lives: The Americanization of East European Jews (New York: Basic, 1989), 100–101.
216 one complained to Riis: Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 83–84. 218 The country’s first bathhouse: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 16.
218 Simon Baruch: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 42–44.
219 People’s Baths: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 32.
219 New York State legislature: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 37–39.
219 The Americans followed the German model: M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 35–36; Glassberg, Public Bath Movement, 10, 14–16.
220 Model Tenement House Reform Law: Glassberg, Public Bath Movement, 18; M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 65–67.
221 Their model house … thirty-one dollars in food annually: Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, The American Woman’s Home; or, Principles of Domestic Science: Being a Guide to the Formation and Maintenance of Economical, Healthful, Beautiful, and Christian Homes (New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971), 269–70, 150–57.
222 study of bathing habits: Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 65.
223 Susanna Moodie: Susanna Moodie, Roughing It in the Bush; or, Forest Life in Canada (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1962), 199.
223 Ella Sykes: Ella C. Sykes, A Home-Help in Canada (London: Smith, Elder, 1912), 258, 117, 132.
224 Five out of six Americans: Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 65.
224 In mid-century … from $33.90 to $51.10: Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York: Pantheon, 1982), 96, 100; Wilkie, Submerged Sensuality, 653.
225 (box) During the sixteenth: McLaughlin, Coprophilia, 42–43: Hunt, “A Short History of Soap,” 985–89; Richard L. Bushman and Claudia Bushman, “The Early History of Cleanliness in America,” Journal of American History 74 (March 1988): 1232–33.
225 Emily Thornwell … “should put ladies on their guard”: Emily Thornwell, The Lady’s Guide to Perfect Gentility (New York: Derby and Jackson, 1859), 13–15.
MARGINALIA IN CHAPTER SEVEN
200 Strasser, Never Done, 92.
203 Cayleff, Wash and Be Healed, 137.
205 Goubert, Conquest of Water, 87.
213 Washington, Up from Slavery, 126.
214 Hoy, Chasing Dirt, 17.
218 M. T. Williams, Washing “the Great Unwashed,” 49.
219 Hugh Cortazzi, Victorians in Japan: In and Around the Treaty Ports (London: Athlone Press, 1987), 264.
220 Riis, Battle with the Slum, 54.
221 Catharine E. Beecher, A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School (Boston: Marsh, Capen, Lyon, and Webb, 1841), 100.
223 Jeanne Minhinnick, At Home in Upper Canada: Toronto (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1983), 103.
224 Mary Wood–-Allen, What Every Young Woman Should Know (Philadelphia: Vir, 1913), 80–81.
226 Thornwell, Lady’s Guide, 12–13.
CHAPTER EIGHT
SOAP OPERA: 1900–1950
229 Eliza Doolittle … throwing a towel over it: George Bernard Shaw, “Pygmalion,” Collected Plays with Their Prefaces (London: Bodley Head, 1970–74), 4:698–705, 713–15.
232 A London social worker … attendance