The Eighty-Dollar Champion - Elizabeth Letts [144]
1 In 1950, there were still: Joseph Mischka, The Percheron Horse in America (Whitewater, Wisc.: Heart Prairie Press, 1991), p. 100.
2 The reduction of the equine population: Greene, Horses at Work. The chapter “From Horse Powered to Horseless,” pp. 244–75, provides an excellent description of the factors that influenced the decline of the horse population in the early twentieth century.
3 In 1900, the value: Ben K. Green, Horse Tradin’ (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963), p. v.
4 States in the Mississippi: Ibid. The introduction to veterinarian Green’s reminiscences about his life working the horse trade in the early twentieth century provides a good overview of the west-to-east horse and mule trade in the United States.
5 “Great big broad-hipped”: Ibid., p. 175.
6 “In the fall”: “Horses for Sale at Auction,” Horse Magazine, April 1956.
7 In the 1970s: American Horse Council, http://www.horsecouncil.org.
8 On opening day: The Official Report of the Organizing Committee for the XIV Olympiad (London: The Organizing Committee for the XIV Olympiad, 1948), p. 222.
9 But the American Jockey Club: Phil Livingston and Ed Roberts, War Horse: Mounting the Cavalry with America’s Finest Horses (Albany, Tex.: Bright Sky Press, 2003), p. 10, and Elizabeth Tobey, personal communication.
10 Despite the declining: Livingston and Roberts, War Horse, pp. 10–15.
11 Prior to the First World War: Greene, Horses at Work, p. 227.
12 Wartime consumption: Major-General Sir John Moore, Our Servant the Horse: An Appreciation of the Part Played by Animals During the War, 1914–1918 (London: H & W Brown, 1931), p. 12.
13 To address the concern: “Horses to Be Improved; Federal Authorities, Through Remount Program, to Aid Breeders,” New York Times, June 8, 1919.
14 The program selected: Livington and Roberts, War Horse, p. 16.
15 Appropriate for riding: Ibid.
16 In the 1920s: Ibid.
17 But the Second World War: Ibid. For an overview of the end of the army’s Remount Program, during and after World War II, see pp. 147–222.
18 Once a horse: Lynne Ames, “At Work: Where Do the Amish Train Their Horses?” New York Times, Oct. 18, 2003, provides an explanation of how Amish horses are trained to pull a wagon or plow.
19 The traditional American workhorse’s: Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, The Horse in the City: Living Machines in the Nineteenth Century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), pp. 28–35.
20 As the horse illustrator: Thomas Meagher, The Gigantic Book of Horse Wisdom (New York: Skyhorse, 2007), p. 327.
21 Horses were generally sold in teams: McShane and Tarr, Horse in the City, pp. 25–26.
22 Photographs of urban street scenes: Ibid., p. 46.
23 In a midcentury veterinary: E. T. Baker, The Home Veterinarian’s Handbook: A Guide for Handling Emergencies in Farm Animals and Poultry (New York: Macmillan, 1944), p. 49.
24 A graphic picture: “Horse Meat: War Has Created Demand for This Unrationed Commodity,” Life, June 1943, pp. 65–68.
25 More often, horsemeat: McShane and Tarr, Horse in the City, pp. 27–30.
26 When English author Anna Sewell: Susan Chitty, The Woman Who Wrote “Black Beauty” (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1971), p. 187.
27 The sentimental and: Greene, Horses at Work, pp. 200–20.
28 This point of view dovetailed: McShane and Tarr, Horse in the City, pp. 36–57.
29 The original mission: Ibid., p. 87.
30 Born in 1811, Bergh: Unitarian Universalist Association, “Henry Bergh,” www.uua.org/uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/henrybergh.html.
31 The ASPCA adopted: McShane and Tarr, Horse in the City, p. 47.
32 The MSPCA passed out: Ibid., Horse in the City, p. 202.
33 Though the role of the workhorse: Ibid., Horse in the City, pp. 165–77.
Chapter 5: A School for Young Ladies
1 The 1950s was: I am indebted to Bonnie Cornelius Spitzmiller, Phebe Phillips Byrne, and Wendy Plumb Thomas for sharing their reminiscences of the Knox School.
2 In the early 1900s: Who’s Who in America, vol. 6 (Chicago: A. N. Marquis, 1910), p. 2234.
3 Mary Alice Knox envisioned: “Knox @ 100: A Centennial History