The Eleventh Day_ The History and Legacy of 9_11 - Anthony Summers [219]
Some of the bereaved who pressed for the creation of the Commission, and closely followed its progress, rejected its findings. Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images
Osama bin Laden, apparently pictured here in hiding in Pakistan, was shot dead by U.S. commandos in May 2011. AP Images
Americans celebrated the feared terrorist’s death, yet faced an uncertain future. AP Images
NOTES AND SOURCES
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES AND SOURCES
AP Associated Press
BG Boston Globe
CF Files of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, held at the National Archives, Record Group 148. Cited documents are listed here, as they are at the Archives, by folder name, box [B] and team [T] numbers. Many documents were supplied to the authors by an independent researcher, and others obtained on line via www.scribd.com or directly from the Archives.
CO Website of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, archived at http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/about.html
conv. conversation
corr. Authors’ correspondence
CR Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, NY: W. W. Norton, 2004
FBI IG Review of the FBI’s Handling of Intelligence Information Related to the September 11 Attacks, Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Justice, November 2004
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
int. interview (by authors unless otherwise noted)
INTELWIRE FBI documents sourced in the notes of the 9/11 Commission Report, obtained by Intelwire under FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) and available on its website, www.intelwire.com
JI Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 107th Congress, 2nd Session
KSM SUBST Substitution for the Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Defense Exhibit 941, U.S. v. Zacarias Moussaoui, Cr. No. 01-455-1, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
LAT Los Angeles Times
MFR Memorandum for the Record of 9/11 Commission staff interviews, available on National Archives website, http://www.archives.gov/legislative/research/9-11/commission-memoranda.html
NARA National Archives and Records Administration
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board
NYT New York Times
OBL Osama bin Laden
TF Oral histories of 503 first responders conducted by the Fire Department, City of New York, archived by The New York Times at http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/20050812_WTC_GRAPHIC/met_WTC_histories_full_01.html
WP Washington Post
WSJ Wall Street Journal
PREFACE
1 memorial: NY Daily News, 8/20/01, NYT, 6/10/09, www.wtcsitememorial.org, www.national911memorial.org/site, int. Michael Frazier for National September 11 Memorial and Museum;
2 disease: AP, 6/24/09.
3 tens of thousands: Documenting the number of dead in any conflict is difficult, fraught as such figures are with political ramifications. Americans in particular, given the lingering specter of the Vietnam War, are sensitive to rising casualty counts among servicemen and women. Nor does any military readily accept responsibility for civilian casualties. The issue is further complicated by determining which deaths qualify as having been the result of war—does one, for example, include deaths due to disease or starvation—conditions brought about by conflict? In citing the figure of many tens of thousands of dead, the authors have relied on casualty counts from the U.N. Assistance Missions in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the websites icasualties.org and iraqbodycount.org.
4 graves/remains: AP, 4/1/09, www.911research.wtc7.net, Israel National News, 2/1/08, NYT, 2/23/08, MFR 03009720;
5 Riches: NYT, 11/5/02, 4/21/08, www.NY1.com, 4/17/08, NY