The Federalist Papers - Alexander Hamilton [348]
p. 429. Thedecemvirs of Rome, whose name denotes their number…: The decemvirs were members of the board of ten Roman magistrates appointed in 451 BC to compile a code of laws. The appointment of the Decemvirate was a response to plebeian agitation against patrician abuses of unwritten law. After compiling the Twelve Tables of Roman law, the Decemvirate, led by Appius Claudius, refused to relinquish power. It became increasingly tyrannical and was finally overthrown when Claudius—paralleling the abuse of power of the last Tarquin king—attempted to seize Verginia, a Roman maiden.
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p. 434n. This was the case with respect toMr. Fox’s India bill…: Charles James Fox (1749–1806) was an English orator and statesman. A Member of Parliament (1768) before the age of twenty, he was a supporter of the Tory party. Under Lord North, he held several administrative posts until his dismissal for insubordination at court. He then joined the opposition Whigs and fought against North’s policy for taxing the American colonies. By the close of the American Revolution—the suppression of which he had opposed—he was recognized as the leader of the Whigs in the House of Commons. The India Bill was a measure, sponsored by Fox in 1783, to reorganize the British East India Company. The latter, under charter from Elizabeth I, enjoyed monopolistic commercial privileges in India. During the eighteenth century, the company practically ran India for its own profit and used British military power to expand its sphere of influence within the subcontinent. The supporters of the bill sought to stamp out corruption by making the directors of the company responsible to Parliament. It passed the Commons but due to royal opposition failed in the House of Lords. The British government finally assumed control of Indian affairs in the aftermath of the disastrous Indian Mutiny of 1857.
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p. 445n. Mr. Abraham Yates,a warm opponent of the plan of the convention…: Abraham Yates (1724–1796) was a member (1787–1788) of the Second Continental Congress and an Anti-Federalist pamphleteer. Active in the committee of correspondence for Albany, New York, during the Revolution, Yates became an ardent opponent of congressional aggrandizement and a supporter of state sovereignty during the 1780s. His views were characteristic of the agrarian and democratic followers of Governor George Clinton of New York.
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p. 468n. Vide Protest of the Minority of the Convention of Pennsylvania, Martin’s speech,etc.: The "protest" to which Publius refers is "The Address and Reasons of Dissent of the Minority of the Convention of the State of Pennsylvania to their Constituents," which appeared in The Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser, December 18, 1787. It is reprinted in Herbert J. Storing, ed., The Complete Anti-Federalist, vol. 3, pp. 145–167. "Martin’s speech" is the address Luther Martin delivered to the Maryland House of Delegates on November 29, 1787. The pamphlet version of this speech is reprinted in Storing’s The Complete Anti-Federalist, vol. 2, pp. 19–82.
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p. 471n. Vide Constitution of Massachusetts, Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 13: The relevant article reads in part that "Permanent and honorable salaries shall also be established by law for the justices of the supreme judicial court…. And if it shall be found that any of the salaries aforesaid, so established, are insufficient, they shall, from time to time be enlarged as the general court [i.e., the state legislature] shall judge proper."
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p. 475. where the subject of controversy was wholly relative to thelex loci…: Latin for "law of the place," the phrase lex loci usually attaches to an action or event of legal significance, for instance, "the law of the place of injury"