The Feminine Mystique - Betty Friedan [222]
2. See Sidney Ditzion, Marriage, Morals and Sex in America—A History of Ideas, New York, 1953. This extensive bibliographical essay by the librarian of New York University documents the continuous interrelationship between movements for social and sexual reform in America, and, specifically, between man’s movement for greater self-realization and sexual fulfillment and the woman’s rights movement. The speeches and tracts assembled reveal that the movement to emancipate women was often seen by the men as well as the women who led it in terms of “creating an equitable balance of power between the sexes” for “a more satisfying expression of sexuality for both sexes.”
3. Ibid., p. 107.
4. Yuri Suhl, Ernestine L. Rose and the Battle for Human Rights, New York, 1959, p. 158. A vivid account of the battle for a married woman’s right to her own property and earnings.
5. Flexner, op. cit., p. 30.
6. Elinor Rice Hays, Morning Star, A Biography of Lucy Stone, New York, 1961, p. 83.
7. Flexner, op. cit., p. 64.
8. Hays, op. cit., p. 136.
9. Ibid., p. 285.
10. Flexner, op. cit., p. 46.
11. Ibid., p. 73.
12. Hays, op. cit., p. 221.
13. Flexner, op. cit., p. 117.
14. Ibid., p. 235.
15. Ibid., p. 299.
16. Ibid., p. 173.
17. Ida Alexis Ross Wylie, “The Little Woman,” Harper’s, November, 1945.
Chapter 5. THE SEXUAL SOLIPSISM OF SIGMUND FREUD
1. Clara Thompson, Psychoanalysis: Evolution and Development, New York, 1950, pp. 131 ff:
Freud not only emphasized the biological more than the cultural, but he also developed a cultural theory of his own based on his biological theory. There were two obstacles in the way of understanding the importance of the cultural phenomena he saw and recorded. He was too deeply involved in developing his biological theories to give much thought to other aspects of the data he collected. Thus he was interested chiefly in applying to human society his theory of instincts. Starting with the assumption of a death instinct, for example, he then developed an explanation of the cultural phenomena he observed in terms of the death instinct. Since he did not have the perspective to be gained from knowledge of comparative cultures, he could not evaluate cultural processes as such”. Much which Freud believed to be biological has been shown by modern research to be a reaction to a certain type of culture and not characteristic of universal human nature.
2. Richard La Piere, The Freudian Ethic, New York, 1959, p. 62.
3. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, New York, 1953, Vol. I, p. 384.
4. Ibid., Vol. II (1955), p. 432.
5. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 7—14, 294; Vol. II, p. 483.
6. Bruno Bettelheim, Love Is Not Enough: The Treatment of Emotionally Disturbed Children, Glencoe, III., 1950, pp. 7 ff.
7. Ernest L. Freud, Letters of Sigmund Freud, New York, 1960, Letter 10, p. 27; Letter 26, p. 71; Letter 65, p. 145.
8. Ibid., Letter 74, p. 60; Letter 76, pp. 161 ff.
9. Jones, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 176 ff.
10. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 422.
11. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 271:
His descriptions of sexual activities are so matter-of-fact that many readers have found them almost dry and totally lacking in warmth. From all I know of him, I should say that he displayed less than the average personal interest in what is often an absorbing topic. There was never any gusto or even savor in mentioning a sexual topic”. He always gave the impression of being an unusually chaste person” the word “puritanical” would not be out of place” and all we know of his early development confirms this conception.
12. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 102.
13. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 110 ff.
14. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 124.
15. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 127.
16. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 138.
17. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 151.
18. Helen Walker Puner,