The Feminine Mystique - Betty Friedan [227]
Preliminary results of the careful study of American sex habits being conducted at the University of Indiana by Dr. A. C. Kinsey indicate that there is an inverse correlation between education and the ability of a woman to achieve habitual orgastic experience in marriage. According to the present evidence, admittedly tentative, nearly 65 per cent of the marital intercourse had by women with college backgrounds is had without orgasm for them, as compared to about 15 per cent for married women who have gone no further than grade school.
7. Alfred C. Kinsey, et al., Staff of the Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, Philadelphia and London, 1953, pp. 378 ff.
8. Lois Meek Stolz, “Effects of Maternal Employment on Children: Evidence from Research,” Child Development, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1960, pp. 749—782.
9. H. F. Southard, “Mothers” Dilemma: To Work or Not?” New York Times Magazine, July 17, 1960.
10. Stolz, op. cit. See also Myrdal and Klein, op. cit., pp. 125 ff.
11. Benjamin Spock, “Russian Children Don’t Whine, Squabble or Break Things—Why?” Ladies” Home Journal, October, 1960.
12. David Levy, Maternal Overprotection, New York, 1943.
13. Arnold W. Green, “The Middle-Class Male Child and Neurosis,” American Sociological Review, Vol. II, No. 1, 1946.
Chapter 9. THE SEXUAL SELL
1. The studies upon which this chapter is based were done by the Staff of the Institute for Motivational Research, directed by Dr. Ernest Dichter. They were made available to me through the courtesy of Dr. Dichter and his colleagues, and are on file at the Institute, in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.
2. Harrison Kinney, Has Anybody Seen My Father?,, New York, 1960.
Chapter 10. HOUSEWIFERY EXPANDS TO FILL THE TIME AVAILABLE
1. Jhan and June Robbins, “Why Young Mothers Feel Trapped,” Redbook, September, 1960.
2. Carola Woerishoffer Graduate Department of Social Economy and Social Research, “Women During the War and After,” Bryn Mawr College, 1945.
3. Theodore Caplow points out in The Sociology of Work, p. 234, that with the rapidly expanding economy since 1900, and the extremely rapid urbanization of the United States, the increase in the employment of women from 20.4 per cent in 1900 to 28.5 per cent in 1950 was exceedingly modest. Recent studies of time spent by American housewives on housework, which confirm my description of the Parkinson effect, are summarized by Jean Warren, “Time: Resource or Utility,” Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 49, January, 1957, pp. 21 ff. Alva Myrdal and Viola Klein in Women’s Two Roles—Home and Work cite a French study which showed that working mothers reduced time spent on housework by 30 hours a week, compared to a full-time housewife. The work week of a working mother with three children broke down to 35.2 hours on the job, 48.3 hours on housework; the full-time housewife spent 77.7 hours on housework. The mother with a full-time job or profession, as well as the housekeeping and children, worked only one hour a day longer than the full-time housewife.
4. Robert Wood, Suburbia, Its People and Their Politics, Boston, 1959.
5. See “Papa’s Taking Over the PTA Mama Started,” New York Herald Tribune, February 10, 1962. At the 1962 national convention of Parent-Teacher Associations, it was revealed that 32 per cent of the 46,457 PTA presidents are now men. In certain states the percentage of male PTA heads is even higher, including New York (33 per cent), Connecticut (45 per cent) and Delaware (80 per cent).
6. Nanette E. Scofield,’ some Changing Roles of Women in Suburbia: A Social Anthropological Case Study,” transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 6, April, 1960.
7. Mervin B. Freedman,’ studies of College Alumni,” in The American College, pp. 872 ff.
8. Murray T. Pringle, “Women Are Wretched Housekeepers,” Science Digest, June, 1960.
9. See Time, April 20, 1959.
10. Farnham and Lundberg, Modern