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16. Charles Bolton, The Private Soldier Under Washington, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1902, p. 112–113; Stevens, Journal.
17. Chase, Diary of David How, entry of March 1, 1775, p. 9.
18. John Lacey, Memoirs, PMHB, XXV, 1901, p. 12.
19. William Richardson to William Smallwood, April 12, 1777, Papers Relating to the Maryland Line, p. 91.
20. Joseph White, “The Good Soldier White,” American Heritage, June, 1956, pp. 5–6.
21. Harwell, George Washington, abridged ed., p. 350.
22. GW to Lord Stirling, January 19, 1777, GWW VII: 33.
23. Jedediah Huntington to Jabez Huntington, Nov. 23, 1775, Huntington Papers, Connecticut Historical Society.
24. John Adams to William Heath, October 5, 1775, Paul Smith, Letters to the Delegates of Congress, 1774–1789, 26 vols., Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976, II: 112.
25. Silas Deane to Elizabeth Deane, Dec. 15, 1775, Smith, II:488–489.
26. John Hancock to the colonies, December 18, 1775, Smith, II: 444.
27. Josiah Bartlett in Peter Force, Ed., American Archives V, six series, 9 vols., Washington, D.C., 1837–1853, I: 404; Bolton, The Private Soldier Under Washington, p. 31.
Chapter Four
1. Pennsylvania Evening Post, March 30, 1776.
2. Timothy Newell, Journal Kept During the Time That Boston Was Shut Up, 1775–1776,” Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Fourth Series, 2 vols., Boston, 1852. I: 274–275; Manasseh Cutler, Life, Journals and Correspondence of the Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LLD, Cincinnati: Robert Clark & Co., 1888.
Chapter Five
1. Virginia Gazette, July 28, 1775.
2. Scheer and Rankin, p. 128.
3. Chase, ix.
4. Gregory Knouff, The Soldiers’ Revolution: Pennsylvania in Arms and the Forging of the Early American Identity, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003, pp. 77–79.
5. Mark Lender and James Kirby Martin, Eds., Citizen Soldier: The Revolutionary War Journal of Joseph Bloomfield, Newark, NJ: New Jersey Historical Society, 1982, p. 111.
6. John Adams to Abigail Adams, September 2, 1777, L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence, 6 vols., Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1963–1993, II: 336.
7. Mark Boatner, The Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1994, pp. 263–264.
8. Orderly Book of the First Pennsylvania Regiment, August 15, 1776.
9. Knouff, The Soldiers Revolution: Pennsylvania in Arms and the Forging of the Early American Identity, pp. 84–89.
10. James Thomas Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 1775–1783, Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1967, p. 35.
11. Charles Royster, A Revolutionary People at War, The Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979, p. 59.
12. Boston Gazette, April 22, 1776.
13. When Joseph Reed, an aide to Washington, left the army he was elected “President” of Pennsylvania.
14. George Fleming to Sebastian Baumann, January 21, 1778, Baumann Papers, New York State Historical Society.
15. New Jersey Gazette, March 18, 1778.
16. Sam Shaw to his father, May 13, 1777, Josiah Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the First Consul at Canton, Boston: William Brosby and H. P. Nichols, 1847, p. 91.
17. Boyle, Joseph Lee, Writings from the Valley Forge Encampment of the Continental Army, December 19, 1777–June 19, 1778, 5 vols., Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 2000-2004, II: 16.
Chapter Six
1. Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982, p. 269.
2. April 20, 1775, “Farnsworth’s Journal,” Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc. 2d Series, XIII (1898, p. 79). 3. Royster, A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, pp. 16–17. 4. Knouff, The Soldiers’ Revolution, 44.
5. Samuel Cooper to his wife and children, July 18, 1775, Charles McKee, “Letters of a Soldier of the American Revolution,” Connecticut Magazine, X, (1906), p. 25.
6. Royster, A Revolutionary People at War, p. 30.
7. Quoted in petitions of Pennsylvania soldiers for pensions after the war, Knouff, p. 44.