• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

Creative Partnerships: Ibid. See also www.creative-partnerships.com/about.

“School doesn’t encourage”: Interview.

“All the girls fake tan”: Interview.

“Right now, my forearms”: Interview.

boys who are underweight: Interview.

share levels of depression: See Paxton, Susan J.; Schutz, Helena K.; Wertheim, Eleanor H.; and Muir, Sharryn L. “Friendship Clique and Peer Influences on Body Image Concerns, Dietary Restraint, Extreme Weight-Loss Behaviors, and Binge Eating in Adolescent Girls,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 108, No. 2, 1999.

first study to examine eating disorders: Ibid.

Note: Also, dynamic social impact theory suggests that the more time individuals spend in one another’s company, the more alike they will become. See, for example, Berger, Jonah; Heath, Chip; and Ho, Ben. “Divergence in Cultural Practices: Tastes as Signals of Identity,” Stanford University, March 2005. See also Poulin, F. and Boivin, M. “The role of proactive and reactive aggression in the formulation and development of boys’ friendships,” Developmental Psychology, Vol. 36, 2000.

“I’ve struggled with anorexia”: Interview.

“ ‘mess in a dress’ ”: Interview.

Students in gangs: Interviews.

they had to “act white”: Thank you to Amy Kramer and the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy for facilitating this group discussion. For an examination of the meanings and the interpretations of “acting white,” see, for example, Carter, Prudence L. “Straddling Boundaries: Identity, Culture, and School,” Sociology of Education, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 2006. Also, Grace Kao includes an interesting discussion of “talking white” versus “talking black” in Kao, Grace, “Group Images and Possible Selves Among Adolescents: Linking Stereotypes to Expectations by Race and Ethnicity,” Sociological Forum, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2000. More broadly, she states, minority adolescents “face another dimension of social categorization: group images that link ethnicity to innate ability not only directly imply norms of behavior for members of each group, but also specify their distinct areas of expertise in various realms of social and academic life,” much like Noah described the assumptions peers made about him because he was Asian.

“In math, someone told”: Interview.

“With some of my friends”: Interview.

“There’s still pressure to act”: Interview.

incentive-based voluntary uniform policy: See Jamison, David J. “Idols of the Tribe: Brand Veneration, Group Identity, and the Impact of School Uniform Policies,” Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2006.

“The people who don’t care”: Interview.

“The young always have the same”: See Crisp, Quentin. The Naked Civil Servant, First published in Great Britain by Jonathan Cape, 1968. Cited in Berger, Heath, and Ho.

can even overtake the desire: See, for example, Mlicki.

Men are less likely: See, for example, Berger, Jonah and Heath, Chip: “Who Drives Divergence? Identity Signaling, Outgroup Dissimilarity, and the Abandonment of Cultural Tastes,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 95, No. 3, 2008.

“People resolve [this tension]”: See Berger, Heath, and Ho.

“the narcissism of minor differences”: Many thanks to Lakehead University professor Todd Dufresne and University of Miami professor Edward Erwin for discussing this concept with me. Dufresne is also the author of Tales from the Freudian Crypt: The Death Drive in Text and Context. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.

distributed yellow Livestrong: See Berger and Heath.

forked-tail effect: See, for example, Freedman, Jonathan L.; Carlsmith, J. Merrill; and Sears, David O. Social Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974. See also Englis, Basil G. and Solomon, Michael R. “To Be and Not to Be: Lifestyle Imagery, Reference Groups, and ‘The Clustering of America,’ ” Journal of Advertising, Vol. 24, No. 1, Spring 1995.

“may want to be treated”: See Berger, Heath, and Ho.

CHAPTER 12

twelve groups of vervet monkeys: See Raleigh, M. J.; McGuire, M. T.; Brammer, G. L.; Pollack, D. B.; and Yuwiler, A. “Serotonergic