The Happiness Myth_ An Expose - Jennifer Hecht [176]
7. Heidegger broke bread with Fascists; Schopenhauer pushed a woman down the stairs (for talking in the hall) with such violence that he was ordered by a court to pay her an annuity until she died, many years later. Wittgenstein was born wealthy but banished himself to grim poverty. Simone Weil went on a hunger strike in solidarity with those in the camps in World War II, such that her tuberculosis killed her. Karl Marx failed to support his family to the point of perhaps fatal lack of food and medicine, Plato said awful things about the common laborer, Jefferson had slaves, and Nietzsche wrote vile things about the various “races.” As for the sexists, take your pick.
8. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism (New York: Barnes and Noble, 2005), 11.
9. Epicurus, “Letter to Menoecus,” in The Essential Epicurus, trans. Eugene O’Connor (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1993), 61.
DRUGS
1. See the Center for Disease Control Web site, under the National Center for Health Statistics: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm
CHAPTER 5: WHAT MAKES A GOOD DRUG BAD
1. Lu Yu’s book Ch’a ching, or Tea Classic, of 780 C.E. treated every subject related to tea, from growing plants to brewing and drinking, including a detailed description of a formal tea ceremony using twenty-seven pieces of equipment.
2. Samuel Johnson, review of A Journal of Eight Days’ Journey, Literary Magazine 2, no. 13 (London, 1757).
3. The British Tea Council is an independent body dedicated to promoting tea drinking.
4. Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics (New York: Norton, 2002), 190–91.
5. Consider one historian’s colorful description: “This process was speeded up by eating—out of sheer necessity—mushrooms, toadstools, and grasses of all kinds. It must have been incredible, the sight of an entire community betaking itself to the poppy fields for want of anything better to eat. Such behavior was reported in early-modern Italy, where people also deliberately sniffed salves and lotions in the hope of sailing away on a cloud of bliss. In the rest of Europe as well, there had been reports in preceding centuries of bread made of poppy extract and even of hemp-seed flour being used to make bread dough.” Herman Pleij, Dreaming of Cockaigne: Medieval Fantasies of the Perfect Life, trans. Diane Webb (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2001), 125.
6. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 38.
7. As a lieutenant governor of Bengal, Sir Charles Elliott explained in 1892 that it was as “reasonable to suppose that excessive ganja smoking may be due to insanity, as that insanity may be due to excessive ganja smoking.” Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 191.
8. Théodule Ribot, Diseases of the Will, trans. Merwin-Marie Snell (Chicago, 1896), 38.
CHAPTER 6: COCAINE AND OPIUM
1. Freud to Martha, June 2, 1884, in Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (New York: Basic Books, 1953), 84.
2. See Dominic Streatfield, Cocaine (New York: Picador, 2001), 76–77.
3. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 205.
4. W. Oscar Jennings, The Morphia Habit and Its Voluntary Renunciation: A Personal Relation of a Suppression After 25 Years of Addiction (London, 1909), 63.
5. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 213.
6. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 214.
7. Thomas S. Blair, “The Relation of Drug Addiction to Industry,” Journal of Industrial Hygiene 1 (1919): 295.
8. J. M. Scott, The White Poppy (New York: Funk & Wagnells, 1969), 5, 46–82, 109–25.
9. Galen, Souvenirs d’un médecin, trans. Paul Moraux (Paris: Société d’édition “Les Belles Lettres,” 1985), 134–39.
10. T. W. Africa, “The Opium Addiction of Marcus Aurelius,” Journal of the History of Ideas 22 (1961): 97–102.
11. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 1 (1776), chap. 3.
12. For more on this, see Barbara Hodgson, Into the Arms of Morpheus: The Tragic History of Laudanum, Morphine, and Patent Medicines (Buffalo, NY: Firefly, 2001), 22.
13. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 51.
14. Charles-Louis