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(1961), Penguin; P. Vellacott, from Euripides. Orestes and Other Plays (1972), Penguin; P. Vellacott, from Euripides. The Bacchae and Other Plays (1973), Penguin; R. Warner, from Xenophon: A History of My Times (1966), Penguin; R. Warner, from History of the Peloponnesian War: Thucydides (1972), Penguin; R. Waterfield, from Plato: Republic (1993), Oxford University Press A. Wilson, Euripides’ Phoenician Women, from The Classics Pages (classicspage.com/phoenissae.htm); P. Woodruff, from On Justice, Power and Human Nature: The Essence of Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War (1993), Hackett; C. D. Yonge, from The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853), Henry G. Bohn; D. J. Zeyl, Plato: Gorgias, from J. M. Cooper (ed.), Plato: Complete Works (1997), Hackett; unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by the Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Grateful acknowledgement is made for permission to reproduce material from the following publications: E. Bloch in ‘Hemlock Poisoning and the Death of the Socrates. Did Plato Tell the Truth?’ (2002), in T. C. Brickhouse and N. D. Smith, The Trial and Execution of Socrates: Sources and Controversies (2002), Oxford University Press; R. Janko from ‘Socrates the Freethinker’ in Ahbel-Rappe and Kamtekar (eds.), A Companion to Socrates (2006), Blackwell Publishing; H. Kahn (2006), ‘Socrates and Hedonism’ in L. Judson and V. Karasmanis (eds.), Remembering Socrates: Philosophical Essays (2006), Clarendon Press; Meier, from Athens: A Portrait of the City in its Golden Age (1999), John Murray; L. E. Navia, from Socrates: A Life Examined (2007), Prometheus; J. Ober, from Xin Liu Gale ‘Historical Studies and Postmodernism: Rereading Aspacia of Miletus’ (2000), College English (62.3), © 2000 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reprinted with permission; P. J. Rhodes, from A History of the Classical Greek World 478–323 BC (2005), Blackwell; A.W. Saxonhouse, from Free Speech and Democracy in Ancient Athens (2006), Cambridge University Press; R. Waterfield, from Why Socrates Died: Dispelling the Myths (2009), Faber and Faber; J. A. Zahm, from Women in Science (1913), Appleton.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTEGRATED IMAGES

All maps drawn and lettered by Reginald Piggott. 1. Portrait Herm of Socrates © Corbis images; 2. Excavations of Athens’ Agora, taken from Agora Excavations 1931–2006: A Pictorial History, Craig Mauzy (The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2006). Courtesy of the Trustees of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens; 3. A reconstruction of the Kleroterion, taken from M. L. Lang, The Athenian Citizen: Democracy in the Athenian Agora, rev. J. McK. Camp II (Princeton, 2004), figs. 27–29. Courtesy of the Trustees of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens; 4. Women gathered at the Fountains of Athens, Image no. AN0175173001 Attic; Archaic Greek; The Antimenes Painter © The Trustees of the British Museum; 5. Boiotian Terracotta Figurine © Getty images; 6. Early fifth-century Attic cup by Foundry Painter, courtesy of Berlin Staatliche Museum; 7. Eugene Vanderpool, Professor of Archaeology of the American School 1947–1971, taken from Agora Excavations 1931–2006: A Pictorial History, Craig Mauzy (The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2006). Courtesy of the Trustees the American School of Classical Studies at Athens; 8. The ‘tyrant-slayers’ Harmodios and Aristogeiton, courtesy of The Naples Museo Nazionale Archeologico; 9. Sculpture of a young Athenian man, taken from Athens: The City Beneath the City: Antiquities from the Metropolitan Railway Excavations, (Kapon Editions, 2000). Courtesy the Greek Ministry of Culture; 10. A portrait herm, possibly depicting Aspasia, currently held by the Vatican, courtesy of the Vatican Museums; 11. Socrates is imagined dancing to Aspasia’s tune in this French cartoon of 1842. Photograph