The Hemlock Cup - Bettany Hughes [263]
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Pheidias Showing the Frieze of the Parthenon to His Friends by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema. Pheidias is shown demonstrating his handiwork to Pericles and Aspasia amongst others. During recent renovations of the Parthenon, the remnants of a stonemason’s picnic-lunch (fish and fowl bones) were discovered at this high level of construction.
An academic reconstruction of the kinds of colour schemes actually used by craftsmen of the sixth and fifth centuries
BC to decorate the monuments and sculptures of Greek city-states. This particular statue came from a temple on the island of Aegina.
Socrates speaks to two students. An early thirteenth-century miniature now held by the Topkapi Museum, Istanbul. Illustration for the eleventh-century collection by Fatimid prince al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik,
Mukhtaral-Hikam, ‘The choicest maxims and best sayings’.
A romantic tradition has elevated Aspasia’s influence in Athens, and over both Socrates and Pericles. This painting by Nicolas-André Monsiau was part product of the new vogue for ‘salons’. Aspasia was hailed in certain circles in the early nineteenth century as the first salonière, as a woman who enjoyed an equal marriage with Pericles and who, quite rightly, had been free to choose whom she should love.
Athens’ plague killed many tens of thousands. Scientific research over the last fifteen years suggests this was almost certainly a pandemic of the typhus virus. Michiel Sweerts, following Thucydides’ eye-witness accounts, imagined its effects in this painting,
The Plague in Athens.
A shoe-making workshop. The various processes of stretching and cutting the leather are shown here (note the knives on the wall and the bowl of water under the table). Socrates was said to have spent much time philosophising with the young men of the city in the workshop of Simon the Shoemaker at the fringes of the Agora.
The paintings around Athens would have been exquisite. None of these have survived but we get a good sense of the delicacy of the work from the well-preserved interior decorations of graves preserved in northern Greece – for example this lovely fourth-century dove currently on display in the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.
A cartoon version of Socrates’ satirical treatment by Aristophanes in his comedy
Clouds.
The Agora at its point of excavation in 1949 – the protecting presence of mountains