The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [262]
Mandeville, Sir John 67, 119–20
Manguin, Pierre-Yves 71
Mapillahs 101, 126, 128
Maps 73–5, 199–200
maritime history 5, 9–10
Markovits, Claude 219
Marmagao 262
Marsh Arabs 42, 279
Martin, Esmond Bradley 257
Mascarene islands see Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles
Masulipatnam 126, 164
Matvejevic, Predrag 4, 10, 27, 31
Maugham, Somerset 253, 254
Mauritius 152, 156, 259–60;
indentured labour in 223–4;
Indians in 250, 258;
tourism in 277
Mecca 192;
see hajj Medina [ship] 231
Melaka 82–3, 94, 96, 98, 101, 114, 136, 148, 164
merchants 95–6;
communities 99–101;
expertise of 95;
position in port cities 97–9;
under colonialism 219–20
Mesopotamia 46, 49–50
Messageries Imperiales 204, 205
Middleton, John 38, 78
Mills, J.V. 90–1
Mitchell, David 126–7, 197
Mocha 132
Mogadishu 75, 97
Mogul Line 205
Mollat du Jourdain, M 122
Moluccas see Malukus
Mombasa 19, 36, 92, 130, 132, 137, 141;
as colonial port 217;
see also Swahili coast
monsoon winds 19–23, 86–7;
steamships ignore 206–7
Morocco, influence on Portuguese 125
Moshulu [barque] 209
movies, Indian 280
Mozambique 20, 23, 78, 86;
and Portuguese 34, 120, 132, 137, 138, 141, 142, 177
Mughals 116;
relations with Dutch and English 149;
with Portuguese 131
Muhammadi [ship] 185
Mumbai 145, 148, 159–60, 198, 262;
ship building at 218
Murphey, Rhoads 32
Muslims 95;
attitudes to sea 62–3;
circulation in Indian Ocean 75–6;
local rites criticised 161–2;
merchant communities 100–1;
rites at sea 107–9;
on Swahili coast 153–4;
see also rectification
Mutapa state 92, 130
naus [Portuguese large ships] 134, 135, 137, 138, 185;
life on 186–8
navigation, Arab 71–3;
British 199–200;
difficulty of 17–18;
early 56–7
navy, navies see strategy
necessities, trade in see pedlars
Newby, Eric 208–9
nutmeg see spice trade
Oceano [P&O ship] 209
oil tankers 263
Oman 198;
see also Zanzibar
Onor see Honavar
opium 195, 204, 219
Orana [ship] 235
Ottoman Turks 114, 130, 174
Panikkar, K.M. 113, 281
Pardesi Muslims 69, 81, 98, 101
Parkin, David 76, 80
Parks, Fanny 229, 237
Pathan [ship] 240
Pearce, Wilfred 234–5
pearls 84, 162–3, 271–3
pedlars 7–8, 50–1, 55–6, 85–6, 102–3, 162, 165, 208, 251–3
Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company [P&O] 195, 230–1;
subsidies 203–4
Penrad, Jean-Claude 28
pepper see spice trade
Perak [ship] 254
Persia, Persians 54, 78, 88–9, 96, 103, 130, 133, 136
Pfeiffer, Ida 222
pilgrimage, Buddhist 173;
Christian 173;
Muslim see hajj
Pinto, Fernão Mendes 171
piracy 56, 105–7, 126–7, 197–8;
British and 198–9;
modern 285–6
Pires, Tomé 18, 83, 98, 164
political elites and trade 101–2, 104–5, 123, 142
pollution 279–80
Polo, Marco 18, 63, 70, 83, 84, 89, 98, 105–6
Port Blair 255
port cities 30–7, 91–4, 97–102;
attitudes to trade and traders 114–5, 123, 142;
complex markets 159–61;
and Dutch and English 150;
influence of inland states on 34–7;
today 263, 264;
see also individual ports
ports, colonial 211–17;
compared with earlier ports 217–18;
see also individual engineers, ports
Portuguese in Indian Ocean 118;
aims and policies 120–2;
changes in 121;
with China 131–2;
corruption 141–2;
cultural influence 139;
economic effects 132–6 ;
evaluation of claims 122–4;
evaluation of Portuguese in Indian Ocean 137–8;
as frontier society 125–6;
success of 127–36
(see individual areas);
in Gujarat 133–4;
immersed in Indian Ocean trade patterns 129;
in Kerala 135;
in Malay world 136;
opium trade 219;
private Portuguese (casados) 137, 143, 144;
reasons for failure 140–4;
relations with Gujarat 131;
reputation of 172;
response to 119, 124, 142;
revenue 121–2;
search for similar 154;
in Sri Lanka 136;
trade of casados 154;
violence 142
Prados, Edward 256–7
Prakash, Om 116, 150
prawns 268, 270
printing press 139
Ptak, Roderich 83
Pulicat 94, 136
purification of Islam see rectification
Qadiri see sufis
Qaisar, Ahsan Jan, 188–9
Qawasim 'pirates'198–99
Quanzhou 83, 89–90
Quilon 98
Rahimi [ship] 185
rainfall 24
Reade, Julian 3
rectification, 169–70;