The Information - James Gleick [224]
♦ “AND YET NO WORK HAS BEEN DONE”: James Clerk Maxwell to Peter Guthrie Tait, 11 December 1867, in The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, ed. P. M. Harman, vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 332.
♦ “HE DIFFERS FROM REAL LIVING ANIMALS”: Royal Institution Lecture, 28 February 1879, Proceedings of the Royal Institution 9 (1880): 113, in William Thomson, Mathematical and Physical Papers, vol. 5 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911), 21.
♦ “INFINITE SWARMS OF ABSURD LITTLE MICROSCOPIC IMPS”: “Editor’s Table,” Popular Science Monthly 15 (1879): 412.
♦ “CLERK MAXWELL’S DEMON”: Henry Adams to Brooks Adams, 2 May 1903, in Henry Adams and His Friends: A Collection of His Unpublished Letters, ed. Harold Cater (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947), 545.
♦ “INFINITELY SUBTILE SENSES”: Henri Poincaré, The Foundations of Science, trans. George Bruce Halsted (New York: Science Press, 1913), 152.
♦ “NOW WE MUST NOT INTRODUCE DEMONOLOGY”: James Johnstone, The Philosophy of Biology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914), 118.
♦ “IF WE VIEW THE EXPERIMENTING MAN”: Leó Szilárd, “On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings,” trans. Anatol Rapoport and Mechthilde Knoller, from Leó Szilárd, “Über Die Entropieverminderung in Einem Thermodynamischen System Bei Eingriffen Intelligenter Wesen,” Zeitschrift für Physik 53 (1929): 840–56, in Harvey S. Leff and Andrew F. Rex, eds., Maxwell’s Demon 2, 111.
♦ “THINKING GENERATES ENTROPY”: Quoted in William Lanouette, Genius in the Shadows (New York: Scribner’s, 1992), 64.
♦ “I THINK ACTUALLY SZILÁRD”: Shannon interview with Friedrich-Wilhelm Hagemeyer, 1977, quoted in Erico Mariu Guizzo, “The Essential Message: Claude Shannon and the Making of Information Theory” (Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004).
♦ “I CONSIDER HOW MUCH INFORMATION IS PRODUCED”: Claude Shannon to Norbert Wiener, 13 October 1948, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Archives.
♦ “THAT SOME OF US SHOULD VENTURE TO EMBARK”: Erwin Schrödinger, What Is Life?, reprint ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967), 1.
♦ “SCHRÖDINGER’S BOOK BECAME A KIND OF UNCLE TOM’S CABIN”: Gunther S. Stent, “That Was the Molecular Biology That Was,” Science 160, no. 3826 (1968): 392.
♦ “WHEN IS A PIECE OF MATTER SAID TO BE ALIVE?”: Erwin Schrödinger, What Is Life?, 69.
♦ “THE STABLE STATE OF AN ENZYME”: Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1961), 58.
♦ “TO PUT IT LESS PARADOXICALLY”: Erwin Schrödinger, What Is Life?, 71.
♦ “A COMPLETE (DOUBLE) COPY OF THE CODE-SCRIPT”: Ibid., 23.
♦ “IT SEEMS NEITHER ADEQUATE NOR POSSIBLE”: Ibid., 28.
♦ “WE BELIEVE A GENE—OR PERHAPS THE WHOLE CHROMOSOME FIBER”: Ibid., 61.
♦ “THE DIFFERENCE IN STRUCTURE”: Ibid., 5 (my emphasis).
♦ “THE LIVING ORGANISM HEALS ITS OWN WOUNDS”: Léon Brillouin, “Life, Thermodynamics, and Cybernetics,” 84.
♦ HE WROTE THIS IN 1950: Léon Brillouin, “Maxwell’s Demon Cannot Operate: Information and Entropy,” in Harvey S. Leff and Andrew F. Rex, eds., Maxwell’s Demon 2, 123.
♦ “MAXWELL’S DEMON DIED AT THE AGE OF 62”: Peter T. Landsberg, The Enigma of Time (Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1982), 15.
10. LIFE’S OWN CODE
♦ “WHAT LIES AT THE HEART OF EVERY LIVING THING”: Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (New York: Norton, 1986), 112.
♦ “THE BIOLOGIST MUST BE ALLOWED”: W. D. Gunning, “Progression and Retrogression,” The Popular Science Monthly 8 (December 1875): 189, n1.
♦ “THE MOST NAÏVE AND OLDEST CONCEPTION”: Wilhelm Johannsen, “The Genotype Conception of Heredity,” American Naturalist 45, no. 531 (1911): 130.
♦ IT MUST BE QUANTIZED: “Discontinuity and constant differences between the ‘genes’ are the quotidian bread of Mendelism,” American Naturalist 45, no. 531 (1911): 147.
♦ “THE MINIATURE CODE SHOULD PRECISELY CORRESPOND”: Erwin Schrödinger, What Is Life?, reprint ed. (Cambridge: