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Baugh, Albert C. A History of the English Language. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1957.

Baum, Joan. The Calculating Passion of Ada Byron. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1986.

Belot, Gordon, John Earman, and Laura Ruetsche. “The Hawking Information Loss Paradox: The Anatomy of a Controversy.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 50 (1999): 189–229.

Benjamin, Park. A History of Electricity (the Intellectual Rise in Electricity) from Antiquity to the Days of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1898.

Bennett, Charles H. “On Random and Hard-to-Describe Numbers.” IBM Watson Research Center Report RC 7483 (1979).

———. “The Thermodynamics of Computation—A Review.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 21, no. 12 (1982): 906–40.

———. “Dissipation, Information, Computational Complexity and the Definition of Organization.” In Emerging Syntheses in Science, edited by D. Pines, 297–313. Santa Fe: Santa Fe Institute, 1985.

———. “Demons, Engines, and the Second Law.” Scientific American 257, no. 5 (1987): 108–16.

———. “Logical Depth and Physical Complexity.” In The Universal Turing Machine: A Half-Century Survey, edited by Rolf Herken. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

———. “How to Define Complexity in Physics, and Why.” In Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, edited by W. H. Zurek. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1990.

———. “Notes on the History of Reversible Computation.” IBM Journal of Research and Development 44 (2000): 270–77.

———. “Notes on Landauer’s Principle, Reversible Computation, and Maxwell’s Demon.” arXiv:physics 0210005 v2 (2003).

———. “Publicity, Privacy, and Permanence of Information.” In Quantum Computing: Back Action 2006, AIP Conference Proceedings 864, edited by Debabrata Goswami. Melville, N.Y.: American Institute of Physics, 2006.

Bennett, Charles H., and Gilles Brassard. “Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing.” In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, 175–79. Bangalore, India: 1984.

Bennett, Charles H., Gilles Brassard, Claude Crépeau, Richard Jozsa, Asher Peres, and William K. Wootters. “Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State Via Dual Classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels.” Physical Review Letters 70 (1993): 1895.

Bennett, Charles H., and Rolf Landauer. “Fundamental Physical Limits of Computation.” Scientific American 253, no. 1 (1985): 48–56.

Bennett, Charles H., Ming Li, and Bin Ma. “Chain Letters and Evolutionary Histories.” Scientific American 288, no. 6 (June 2003): 76–81.

Benzer, Seymour. “The Elementary Units of Heredity.” In The Chemical Basis of Heredity, edited by W. D. McElroy and B. Glass, 70–93. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957.

Berlinski, David. The Advent of the Algorithm: The Idea That Rules the World. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

Bernstein, Jeremy. The Analytical Engine: Computers—Past, Present and Future. New York: Random House, 1963.

Bikhchandani, Sushil, David Hirshleifer, and Ivo Welch. “A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades.” Journal of Political Economy 100, no. 5 (1992): 992–1026.

Blackmore, Susan. The Meme Machine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Blair, Ann. “Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550–1700.” Journal of the History of Ideas 64, no. 1 (2003): 11–28.

Blohm, Hans, Stafford Beer, and David Suzuki. Pebbles to Computers: The Thread. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Boden, Margaret A. Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Bollobás, Béla, and Oliver Riordan. Percolation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Bolter, J. David. Turing’s Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.

Boole, George. “The Calculus of Logic.” Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal 3 (1848): 183–98.

———. An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. London: Walton