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Spufford, Francis, and Jenny Uglow, eds. Cultural Babbage: Technology, Time and Invention. London: Faber and Faber, 1996.

Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century’s On-Line Pioneers. New York: Berkley, 1998.

Starnes, De Witt T., and Gertrude E. Noyes. The English Dictionary from Cawdrey to Johnson 1604–1755. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.

Steane, Andrew M., and Eleanor G. Rieffel. “Beyond Bits: The Future of Quantum Information Processing.” Computer 33 (2000): 38–45.

Stein, Gabriele. The English Dictionary Before Cawdrey. Tübingen, Germany: Max Neimeyer, 1985.

Steiner, George. “On Reading Marshall McLuhan.” In Language and Silence: Essays on Language, Literature, and the Inhuman, 251–68. New York: Atheneum, 1967.

Stent, Gunther S. “That Was the Molecular Biology That Was.” Science 160, no. 3826 (1968): 390–95.

———. “DNA.” Daedalus 99 (1970): 909–37.

———. “You Can Take the Ethics Out of Altruism But You Can’t Take the Altruism Out of Ethics.” Hastings Center Report 7, no. 6 (1977): 33–36.

Stephens, Mitchell. The Rise of the Image, the Fall of the Word. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Stern, Theodore. “Drum and Whistle ‘Languages’: An Analysis of Speech Surrogates.” American Anthropologist 59 (1957): 487–506.

Stix, Gary. “Riding the Back of Electrons.” Scientific American (September 1998): 32–33.

Stonier, Tom. Beyond Information: The Natural History of Intelligence. London: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

———. Information and Meaning: An Evolutionary Perspective. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997.

Streufert, Siegfried, Peter Suedfeld, and Michael J. Driver. “Conceptual Structure, Information Search, and Information Utilization.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2, no. 5 (1965): 736–40.

Sunstein, Cass R. Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Doubleday, 2004.

Swade, Doron. “The World Reduced to Number.” Isis 82, no. 3 (1991): 532–36.

———. The Cogwheel Brain: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer. London: Little, Brown, 2000.

———. The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer. New York: Viking, 2001.

Swift, Jonathan. A Tale of a Tub: Written for the Universal Improvement of Mankind. 1692.

Szilárd, Leó. “On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings.” Translated by Anatol Rapoport and Mechtilde Knoller from “Über Die Entropieverminderung in Einem Thermodynamischen System Bei Eingriffen Intelligenter Wesen,” Zeitschrift Für Physik 53 (1929). Behavioral Science 9, no. 4 (1964): 301–10.

Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre. The Human Phenomenon. Translated by Sarah Appleton-Weber. Brighton, U.K.: Sussex Academic Press, 1999.

Terhal, Barbara M. “Is Entanglement Monogamous?” IBM Journal of Research and Development 48, no. 1 (2004): 71–78.

Thompson, A. J., and Karl Pearson. “Henry Briggs and His Work on Logarithms.” American Mathematical Monthly 32, no. 3 (1925): 129–31.

Thomsen, Samuel W. “Some Evidence Concerning the Genesis of Shannon’s Information Theory.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 40 (2009): 81–91.

Thorp, Edward O. “The Invention of the First Wearable Computer.” In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers. Washington, D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 1998.

Toole, Betty Alexandra. “Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace, an Analyst and Metaphysician.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 18, no. 3 (1996): 4–12.

———. Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: Prophet of the Computer Age. Mill Valley, Calif.: Strawberry Press, 1998.

Tufte, Edward R. “The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint.” Cheshire, Conn.: Graphics Press, 2003.

Turing, Alan M. “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 42 (1936): 230–65.

———. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Minds and Machines