The Information - James Gleick [258]
Difference Engine, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 6.1
Differential Analyzer, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 8.1
Enigma, 7.1, 7.2
Imitation Game to identify humans from, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Jacquard loom, 4.1, 4.2
maze-navigating robot, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
memory function in
to prove computability of numbers, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6
purposeful behavior of
self-replicating, 8.1, 8.2
standardization of manufacturing
see also calculators; computer(s); Turing machine(s)
Mackay, Charles
macrostates, 9.1, 9.2
“Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, The” (Miller)
magnetism, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
Mani, Anand Ramnath, 14.1, 14.2
Mantel, Hillary
maps and mapping, 4.1, 7.1, 14.1
Mark I computer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1, 14.1, epl.1
Mathematical Analysis of Logic (Boole)
Mathematical Theory of Communication, The (Shannon, Weaver), prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, epl.1
“Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, A” (Shannon)
mathematics
Babbage’s Cambridge studies in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
Bablyonian, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6
ballistics modeling, 6.1, 6.2
code analysis
of cryptography, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2
desire for certainty in
differential equations, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
engineering and, 6.1, 6.2
expression of logic through
incompleteness theorem, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
to purge logic of paradox
search for perfect expression in
in signal research at Bell Labs, prl.1, prl.2
in telephone switching technology, 6.1, 6.2
uses of random numbers in
see also logarithms; numbers
Maxwell, James Clerk, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7
Maxwell’s demon, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, epl.1
Maynard Smith, John
McCarthy, John
McCulloch, Warren, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
McLuhan, Marshall, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 8.1, 15.1, epl.1
Mead, Margaret
meaning
in agenda for quantum information science
attempts to incorporate, into information theory
expressed through differences
future of science and
information overload and, epl.1, epl.2, epl.3, epl.4
language and, epl.1, epl.2
measurement of communication and
of numbers
in perfect language
Shannon’s information theory and, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epl.1, epl.2
symbolic logic and, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
talking drum method of conveying, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
use of alphabetical ordering systems and
use of tonality to convey
see also definitions of words
measurement of information
algorithmic, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4
combinatorial approach to
conceptual evolution of, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, prl.5, prl.6, prl.7, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2
cosmic calculations, prl.1, prl.2, 14.1
expanding scale of, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4
measurement of message value and, 12.1, 12.2
measurement of randomness and
as measure of uncertainty, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2
in music, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
probabilistic approach to, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 12.1
in psychology research
quantifying redundancy for, 1.1, 1.2, 7.1, 7.2
quantizing speech for
symbols as unit for, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
in telephony, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
Turing’s approach to, 7.1, 7.2
see also bit(s)
Medawar, Peter
meme(s); memetics
catchphrases as, 11.1, 11.2
chain letters as, 11.1-1.1
conceptual origins of, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
definition of, prl.1, 11.1, 11.2
disease analogy for, 11.1, 11.2
effects
forms of, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
genetic model of
humans as vehicles for
ideas as
images as
as living structures
mission of
music as
replication through imitation
scholarly research