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and philosopher; close friend of the 2nd Earl of Essex; promoted the Anglo-Scottish Union with his theory of civic greatness; Solicitor-General (1607); Attorney General (1613); Lord Keeper (1617); author of The Advancement of Learning(1605), theNovum organum(1620) andThe History of the Reign of King Henry VII (1622); the most powerful and important lawyer inthe country; outlined comprehensiveprogrammesfor newmodelsoflaw, education and natural philosophy; the foundation of the Royal Society in 1660 reflected the Significance of Bacon’s scientific programme:24 andn.a,122, 344, 489, 628, 858, 878, 892, 916, 919

Bacon, John (1740–99), RA, sculptor; the most important designer for the British industry before Flaxman; awarded the Royal Academy School’s first ever gold medal in sculpture for relief Aeneas Carrying his Father from Burning Troy (1769); selected to execute a marble statue of S.J. for St Paul’s Cathedral (1788); staunch monarchist, Methodist and founding member of the Eclectic Society: 1002 n. a

Badcock, Samuel (1747–88), theologian and writer on literature; contributed to the Westminster Magazine, Gentleman’s Magazine, London Magazine and London Review; reviewed over 650 works between 1779 and 1787; Dissenter; published poet; minister at Barnstaple (1772–8): 993 n. a

Bagshaw, Revd Thomas (c.1711–87), perpetual curate of Bromley: 399 and n. a, 957

Bailey, Hetty, see Bayley, Hester

Baker, Sir George (1722–1809), physician; fellow of the Royal Society and physician to George III and Queen Charlotte; president of the Royal College of Physicians nine times (1785–95); author of An Essay Concerning the Cause of the Endemical Colic of Devonshire (1767), discovering the adverse effects of lead in Devon cider: 960

Baker, J. (fl. 1793), engraver: 1000 n. c

Baker, Mrs Eliza, wife of D. L. Erskine Baker (d. 1778), of the Edinburgh Theatre: 279

Balbus, Joannes: 476

Baldwin, Henry (c.1734–1813), London printer, newspaper proprietor; launched the St James Chronicle (1761), an outspoken critic of the government; charged and later acquitted for reprinting the Junius letter from the Public Advertiser (21 December 1769), attacking king and government: 941

Balguy, Revd John (1686–1748): 617 n. a

Ballow, Henry (1707–82), legal writer; S.J. attributed his own knowledge of law principally to Ballow; published A Treatise upon Equity (1737) anonymously; described by Hawkins as a ‘little, deformed man’; accomplished Greek scholar and famous for his knowledge of ancient philosophy: 530

Balmerino, Arthur Elphinstone, 6thBaron (1688–1746), Jacobite; executed for his part in the 1745 uprising; behaved with constancy and dignity on the scaffold: 103

Balmuto, Lord, see Boswell of Balmuto

Bancroft, Dr John (1574–1641), bishop of Oxford; friend and associate of Archbishop Laud; zealous episcopalian; active in the construction of Canterbury Quad, St John’s College, Oxford: 39

Bangor, bishop of, see Pearce, Dr Zachary

Bankes, John (d. 1772), of Kingston Lacy, Dorset, and MP for Corfe Castle: 84

Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820), naturalist and patron of science; president of the Royal Society (1778–1820); ex officio government adviser on a very broad range of issues; one of the founders of the African Society (1788); published little, but considerable role as a statesman of science has left a lasting legacy: 252, 336, 339, 616 n. a, 721, 723, 731, 999

Bannatyne, Revd George (d. 1769), cousin and brother-in-law of Dr Hugh Blair: 192

Barbauld, Mrs (Anna Letitia Aikin) (1743–1825), poet and essayist; sister of John Aikin; Poems (1773) a popular and critical success; with husband, opened a school for boys in Palgrave, Suffolk (1774); wrote for the Annual Review; provided prefaces for editions of Mark Akenside (1794), William Collins (1797), Addison and Steele (both 1804); first editor of the correspondence of Samuel Richardson (1804): 481, 616

Barber, Francis (1745?-1801), S.J.’s servant, born a slave in Jamaica; placed in S.J.’s service upon the death of his wife (1752); performed domestic duties diligently but friends doubted S.J.’s need