The Life of Samuel Johnson - James Boswell [747]
Charles II (1630–85), king of England: 135, 233, 284, 444, 445, 459, 498, 724, 858
‘Charles III’, see Charles Edward: 396
Charles V (1500–58), emperor and king of Spain: 303, 657
Charles XII (1682–1718), king of Sweden: 109, 519, 667
CharlesEdward (1720–88), the Young Pretender, Jacobite claimanttothe English, Scottish and Irish thrones; eldest son of James Francis Edward (1688–1766); led the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745; subsequently exiled to France; throughout his life unable to resign his hopes of a restoration to his three kingdoms: 85, 396, 610
Charlotte Sophia (1744–1818), queenof the United KingdomofGreat Britain and Ireland, and queen of Hanover, consort of George III; mother of fifteen children to George; cultural patron and philanthropist; dedicatee of Burney’s History of Music; troubled by the misbehaviour of her sons and the mental derangement of her husband: 204, 335, 384, 417
Charriére, Mme de, see Zuylen, Isabella de
Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of (1708–78), prime minister; one of Cobham’s ‘cubs’ in opposition to Walpole; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Frederick (1737); Paymaster-General (1746); Secretary of State (1756-7); returned as Secretary of State for the Pitt-Newcastle coalition (1757–61), earning considerable repute for glorious successes in foreign policy; resigned (1761); in opposition (1761-6); created Lord Chatham and Lord of the Privy Seal (1766); led the Chatham administration (1766-8); exploited party labels for sake of patriotism; reckless relationship with George III; plagued by illness throughout much of life: 76, 88, 269, 326, 363, 431, 630, 716,907 n. a, 926, 938
Chatterton, Thomas (1752–70), poet; famous in lifetime for creating a fictional medieval poet, Thomas Rowley, and crafting his own faux-medieval style; forged old manuscripts; succeeded in finding the patronage of Horace Walpole; died from accidental overdose of arsenic and opium (1770); posthumously became a myth that formed part of very genesis of Romanticism; dedicatee of Keats’s Endymion; Coleridge’s first published poem was in his honour, ‘Monody on the Death of Chatterton’: 543, 544, 843 andn. a
Chaucer, Geoffrey ($$), poet and administrator; author of Troilus and Criseyde (c.1381-8) and The Canterbury Tales, one of the acknowledged masterpieces of English literature; comptroller in the port of London (1378); royal diplomat; clerk of the King’s works (1389); the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages: 13, 165, 661, 976 n. a
Chester, bishop of, see Porteus, Dr Beilby
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773), royalist and Tory politician and diplomatist; captain of the Yeoman of the Guard (1723); Lord Chest (1726); ambassador to The Hague (1727); triumphant opponent of Walpole; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1744); Secretary of State for the North (1746); retired in 1748, though continued to attend the House of Lords; attempt to praise S.J.’s Dictionary in The Word misfired badly and attracted the author’s scorn; author of The Oeconomy of Human Life (175 o) and Letters to his son, published posthumously (1774): 12, 31, 87, 104–6, 139–45, 346, 373, 438, 444, 454–5, 714, 732, 749, 750, 807, 834, 861, 946–7
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of (1755–1815), politician and son of the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; refused to intervene to save former tutor, William Dodd, from the gallows for forging a draft on him (1777); supporter of North, the n Pitt; master of the Royal Mint (1789–90); joint Postmaster-General (1790-8); Master of the Horse (1798–1804); knight of the Garter (1805): 597
Cheyne, Dr George (1671–1743), physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1702); author of An Essay of Health and Long Life (1724), and Essay on Regimen (1740) and The English Malady (1733), a treatise on melancholy; friends with Samuel Richardson and John Wesley; found market in upwardly mobile and aristocracy: 41, 532, 566
Chishull, Revd Edmund (1671–1733), antiquary: 617 n. a
Choisy, Abbe Francois-Timoleon de (1644–1724), French ecclesiastic and author: 705
Cholmondeley,