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Pascal, Blaise (1623–62), French mathematician, physicist and moralist; author of Les Provinciales (1656-7), a work of delicate and sustained irony directed at the Jesuits, and Les Pensees (1670), a defence of the Christian religion: 728

Pasoris, G.: 743

Paterson, Samuel (1728–1802), bookseller and auctioneer; introduced Charlotte Lennox to S.J.; success as a book auctioneer after earlier failure as a publisher; issued the catalogues Bibliotheca Anglica curiosa (1771) and Bibliotheca univer-salis selecta (ijj6); catalogues established him as a pioneer in the book auction trade: 353 and nn. aandb, 887 n. c, 912 n. b

Paterson Jr, Samuel (fl. 1776–89), third son of Samuel Paterson and S.J.’s godson: 567–8, 887 and n. c, 912 n. b

Patrick, Dr Simon (1626–1707), bishop successively of Chichester and Ely: 547

Patten, DrThomas (1714–90), divine: 855

Paul, Father, see Sarpi, Father Paul

Paul, St: 325, 598, 683, 831, 926–7, 929 n. a, 986

Payne, John (d. 1787), bookseller; member of the Ivy Lane Club; published Lauder’s Essay on Milton’s Use and Imitation of the Moderns inhis ‘Paradise Lost’ (1750), with S.J.’s help and contribution – a project that damaged both of their reputations; published S.J.’s Rambler and Adventurer essays; co-founder of the Universal Chronicle, to which S.J. contributed the first of his Idler essays (1758); accountant-general of the Bank of England (1780): 133, 171

Payne, Thomas (1719–99), London bookseller: 171 (in error for Mr John Payne, above)

Payne, William (d. between 1773 and 1779), miscellaneous writer: 14, 171

Pearce, DrZachary (1690–1774), bishop of Rochester (1756); dean of Winchester (1739); attacked the imprisoned Atterbury in To the Clergy of the Church of England (1722); bishop of Bangor (1748); dean of Westminster (1756): 16, 79, 160, 581

Pearson, Dr John (1613–86), bishop of Chester (1673); archdeacon of Surrey (1660); rector of St Christopher-le-Stocks, Threadneedle Street, London (1660); canon of Ely (1660); Lady Margaret’s professor of divinity at Cambridge (1661); master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1662); member of the Royal Society (1667); author of Vindiciae epistolarum S. Ignatii (1672) and Exposition of the Creed(1659): 211

Pearson, Revd John Batteridge (1749–1808), perpetual curate of St Michael’s, Lichfield, etc: 517, 844,890, 904

Peiresc, see Pieresc

Pelham, Hon. Henry (1696–1754), prime minister (1746–54); Whig; brother of the ist Duke of Newcastle; MP for Sussex (1722–54); leader of the House of Commons (1742); first lord of the Treasury then chancellor (1743); restructuring of the national debt a crucial legacy to Britain and enabled victory in the Seven Years War; overshadowed by Newcastle; through a peaceable ministry, helped restore national confidence after the troubles of the 1740s: 145–6, 321

Pellett, Dr Thomas (1671?–1744), physician; president of the Royal College of Physicians (1735-9); delivered the Harveian oration in 1719; edited Newton’s Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms (1728): 713

Pembroke, Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of (1734–94), army officer; Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire (1756); lord of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales (1756–62); lord of the bedchamber (1769–80); aide-de-camp to George II (1758); author of A Method of Breaking Horses, and Teaching Soldiers to Ride (1761); promoted Lieutenant General (1770); promoted General (1780); governor of Portsmouth (1782): 437 n. a, 460, 586 n. a

Penn, Richard (1736–1811), colonial official and politician; deputy governor of Pennsylvania (1771-3); MP for Appleby, Westmorland (1784); examined before the House of Lords as to the support for independence in the colonies on his return to England: 759 n. a

Pennant, Thomas (1726–90), naturalist, traveller and writer; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1754–60); author of British Zoology (5 vols., 1766–1812), Indian Geology (1769) and A Tour of Scotland, 1769 (1771); fellow of the Royal Society (1767); 1772 Tour in Scotland innuenced S.J.: 447, 477 n. b, 590,