The Little Blue Reasoning Book - Brandon Royal [49]
❑ True ❑ False
2. Antonio enjoys preparing Italian food.
❑ True ❑ False
3. Food and beverage consultants recommend Antonio’s restaurant more than they do other Italian restaurants in the city.
❑ True ❑ False
4. Antonio’s customers prefer his style of Italian cooking to that of other comparable Italian restaurants.
❑ True ❑ False
5. Spaghetti is one of the restaurant’s most requested dishes.
❑ True ❑ False
6. Antonio uses high-quality ingredients in the dishes served in his restaurant.
❑ True ❑ False
7. The Little Italy restaurant is a profitable business.
❑ True ❑ False
8. If Antonio moved to another city, he would also be able to establish himself as a well-known Italian connoisseur.
❑ True ❑ False
9. Prices for food in Little Italy are relatively expensive.
❑ True ❑ False
10. Antonio has spent much time acquiring his reputation as an Italian connoisseur.
❑ True ❑ False
See solution
APPENDIX IV – ANALOGIES
Analogies are one of the most underrated tools for creative thinking and reasoning. Analogies help define the relationships between two or more things. Identifying simple relationships begins with an understanding of what types of potential relationships exist. Although analogies exist across the four primary symbolic systems which we use to communicate — words, numbers, pictures, and music — this appendix concerns itself only with verbal analogies. Ten major categories of verbal analogies include: synonym, antonym, part to whole, part to part, cause and effect, degree, sequence, function or purpose, characteristic, and association.
Type of Analogy:
1. Synonym
Definition: Synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning.
Example: HELP : ASSIST
Both “help” and “assist” share similar meanings.
2. Antonym
Definition: Antonyms are words or phrases that are opposite in meaning.
Example: OPTIMISTIC : PESSIMISTIC
Optimistic means “expecting the best”; this is opposed to pessimistic, which means “expecting the worst.”
3. Part to Whole
Definition: Something smaller is compared to something larger (or vice-versa).
Example: BRANCH : TREE
A branch is a smaller part of a whole tree.
4. Part to Part
Definition: Something which is a part of a whole is compared to something else which is itself part of another whole.
Example: FOOT : HAND
Foot is part of the leg as hand is part of the arm.
5. Cause and Effect
Definition: Something that creates a situation (called the “cause”) is matched with the result of that cause (called the “effect”).
Example: FIRE : SMOKE
A fire causes smoke (fire is the cause; smoke is the effect).
6. Degree
Definition: Shows an increase or decrease in the intensity of two items.
Example: HAPPY : ECSTATIC
Ecstatic means extremely happy.
7. Sequence
Definition: Shows the progression from one thing to another.
Example: SPRING : SUMMER
Summer is the season that follows spring (or spring is the season that comes before summer).
8. Function or Purpose
Definition: Shows how something is used, how it functions, or what purpose it has.
Example: SCISSORS : CUT
Scissors are used to cut things.
9. Characteristic
Definition: Describes something in terms of one of its dominant characteristics (usually an adjective).
Example: MONK : TOLERANT
A monk can be described as tolerant.
10. Association
Definition: Describes a connection between two words based on association or common understanding.
Example: FRANCE : EIFFEL TOWER
The Eiffel Tower is associated with France.
Problem 41: Analogy Exercise
Choose the answer — A through D — which best completes each analogy. Also choose a number — 1 through 10 — that best describes the type of analogy highlighted.
Types of Analogy:
1. Synonym
2. Antonym
3. Part to Whole
4. Part to Part
5. Cause and Effect
6. Degree
7. Sequence
8. Function or Purpose
9. Characteristic
10. Association
See