The Little Blue Reasoning Book - Brandon Royal [74]
D. Type of Analogy: Cause and Effect
3. BIG is to LARGE as WIDE is to BROAD. High and long are dimensions, but they are not synonyms for WIDE. Small is an imperfect antonym. Broad means wide.
B. Type of Analogy: Synonym
4. DOG is to CAT as CROCODILE is to LIZARD. Both a dog and a cat are part of a larger classification called “mammals.” Both a crocodile and a lizard are part of a larger classification called “reptiles.” Both the hippopotamus and the elephant are mammals.
C. Type of Analogy: Part to Part
5. FLOWER is to BOUQUET as LINK is to CHAIN. A flower forms part of a bouquet as a link forms part of a chain.
D. Type of Analogy: Part to Whole
6. TOMORROW is to YESTERDAY as FUTURE is to PAST. This is a sequential relationship. By definition, the relationship of yesterday, today, and tomorrow is analogous to the past, present, and the future. Present occupies the wrong place in the sequence; it is analogous to today rather than yesterday. “Ago” is correct in its meaning but grammatically wrong.
B. Type of Analogy: Sequence
7. HERO is to VALOR as HERETIC is to DISSENT. The characteristic which makes one a hero is valor (courage); the characteristic which makes one a heretic is dissent from religious doctrine.
A. Type of Analogy: Characteristic
8. PRESENT is to BIRTHDAY as REWARD is to ACCOMPLISHMENT. A birthday is associated with receiving presents. An accomplishment is associated with receiving a reward. Medal and money are both types of rewards, not reasons for it.
A. Type of Analogy: Association
9. SKY is to GROUND as CEILING is to FLOOR. The roof is above the ceiling but is not opposite to it. Top and plaster are descriptive of ceiling.
A. Type of Analogy: Antonym
10. MONEY is to BANK as KNOWLEDGE is to BOOKS. One function of a bank is to hold money; one function of books is to hold knowledge.
D. Type of Analogy: Function or Purpose
APPPENDIX IV – THE 10 CLASSIC TRADE-OFFS
Problem 42: Matching Exercise
Back to problem
1. Fossil Fuels
F. Short-term vs. Long-term trade-off
Sometimes the only difference that stands between two opposing points of view is differing time frames. In other words, two people might well agree on a given solution but simply disagree as to when the solution might come about.
One of the most basic ways to view a problem is in terms of short-term vs. long-term time frames. In this example, two people argue that solar energy is the solution to our current energy needs: one person effectively says “I agree” and another says “I disagree.” However, it is not that both persons disagree on solar energy’s being a great alternative, but rather, they disagree on when it will become a viable alternative. In a short-term vs. long-term trade-off, two people agree on a given course of action but believe that it will be implemented during different time frames.
2. Miracle Tablets
E. Quantity vs. Quality trade-off
The issue here centers on how much pain reliever you get for your money. Quality equals the amount of pain reliever per tablet; quantity equals the price of a pain reliever, taking into consideration the number of tablets.
This problem is built on the assumption that you get twice the amount (quantity) of pain reliever for the same price, since Miracle tablets contain twice as much pain reliever with an identical price per bottle. Of course, the amount of pain reliever is a function of both the quality of pain reliever in each tablet as well as the number of tablets per bottle. The assumption, therefore, is that both competing bottles will contain the same number of tablets. If a bottle of regular aspirin contains twice as many tablets as a bottle of Miracle, the advantage effectively disappears.
What is likely to be the case here is that both bottles of pain reliever