The March of Folly_ From Troy to Vietnam - Barbara Wertheim Tuchman [244]
SNELL, BRUNO. The Discovery of the Mind: Greek Origins of European Thought. Cambridge, Mass., 1953.
SCHERER, MARGARET S. The Legend of Troy in Art and Literature. New York and London, 1963.
STEINER, GEORGE, AND FAGLES, ROBERT. Homer: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962.
VIRGIL. The Aeneid. Trans. Rolfe Humphries. New York, 1951.
REFERENCE NOTES
Note: Numerals in reference notes to the Iliad, Odyssey and Aeneid refer to lines (which vary somewhat according to translation), not to pages.
1. STORYTELLER, “WHAT HAS HAPPENED …”: Powys, preface to “Homer and the Aelther” in Steiner and Fagles, 140.
2. DEMODOCUS’ TALE OF THE WOODEN HORSE: Odyssey, Bk VIII, 499–520.
3. HOMER’S SUCCESSORS: The verse narratives between Homer and Virgil, which exist mainly in fragments or epitomes, are: the Cypria, c. 7th century B.C.; the Little Iliad by Lesches of Lesbos; The Sack of Ilium by Arctinus of Miletus. Post-Aeneid treatments of the Trojan War are: Apollodorus; Hyginus’ Fabulae; Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica; Servius on the Aeneid; Dictys the Cretan; and Dares the Phrygian.
4. POSEIDON AND APOLLO AS BUILDERS OF TROY: from Servius, discussed in Frazer’s Notes to Apollodorus, II, 229–35; Murray’s Notes to Euripides, 81.
5. WOODEN HORSE BUILT ON ATHENA’S ADVICE: Aeneid, Bk II, 13–56; Lesches’ Little Iliad, q. Scherer, 110; Graves, II, 331.
6. HORSE SACRED TO TROY, AND SACRED VEIL: Odyssey, Bk VIII, 511 ff.; Little Iliad, q. Knight; Aeneid, Bk II, 234.
7. EPEIUS: Quintus, 221–2, 227.
8. “HALF WAY BETWEEN VICTORY AND DEATH”: Quintus, 227.
9. THYMOETES AND CAPYS: Aeneid, Bk II, 46–55.
10. PRLAM AND COUNCIL DEBATE: Arctinus, Sack of Ilium, q. Scherer, III.
11. CROWD CRIES “BURN IT! …”: Odyssey, Bk VIII, 499; Graves, II, 333.
12. LAOCOON’S WARNING: Aeneid, Bk II, 56–80, 199–231; Hyginus, Fabulae.
13. SINON: Aeneid, II, 80–275; Quintus, 228.
14. SERPENTS: Aeneid, Bk II, 283–315.
15. PLINY ON STATUE: q. Scherer, 113.
16. OTHER PORTENTS: Quintus, 231–2.
17. CASSANDRA: Aeneid, Bk II; Quintus, 232–3; Hyginus and Apollodorus, q. Graves, II, 263–4, 273 Frazer’s Notes to Apollodorus, II, 229–35.
18. “TREMBLING IN THEIR LEGS”: Odysseus reports this to Achilles in Hades, Odyssey, Bk XI, 527.
19. FATE OF TROJANS AFTER THE FALL: Aeneid, Bk II, 506–58.
20. PAUSANIAS AND SIEGE ENGINE: Grote, I, 285; Graves, II, 335.
21. A MILITARY HISTORIAN: Yigael Yadin in World History of the Jewish People, Rutgers Univ. Press, 1970, II, 159; also Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, London, 1965, 18.
22. HERODOTUS ON HELEN: Bk II, chap. 113–19; “INFATUATED”: ibid., chap. 120.
23. PRIAM, “TO THE GODS I OWE …”: Iliad, Bk III, c. 170.
24. ZEUS, “WHEN IT IS THROUGH BLINDNESS …”: Odyssey, Bk I, 30; on aegisthus: ibid., 32 ff.
25. ATĒ:, appears first in Hesiod, predating Homer; sometimes called Eris or Erinys; sometimes figures as daughter of Eris, Goddess of Discord; in Iliad, Bk IX, 502–12; Bk XIX, 95–135; in various classical dictionaries.
26. FLOOD LEGEND: Kirk, 135–6, 261–4; Graves, II, 269.
27. LITAI: Iliad, Bk IX, 474–80, Fitzgerald translation.
28. AGAMEMNON BLAMES ATĒ: Iliad, Bk XIX, 87–94.
29. BRUTUS’ VISION: Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act. 3, Sc. 1.
Chapter Three
THE RENAISSANCE POPES PROVOKE THE PROTESTANT SECESSION: 1470–1530
WORKS CONSULTED
The most inclusive source for the history of the Papacy in this period, to which all later studies must be indebted, is Ludwig von Pastor’s History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages in 14 volumes, first published in German in the 1880s and ’90s. Jacob Burckhardt’s classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, first published in German in his native Switzerland in 1860, is equally indispensable.
Primary sources, on which the following works are based, are the Vatican archives; letters, diplomatic correspondence and reports and other miscellaneous sources collected in Muratori’s Annals; individual chronicles, especially the diary of John Burchard, Vatican Master