The Monk - Matthew Gregory Lewis [200]
Reno, Robert Princeton. The Gothic Visions of Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Gregory Lewis. New York: Arno Press, 1980.
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. The Coherence of Gothic Conventions. New York: Arno Press, 1980.
READING GROUP GUIDE
1. One of the most damning criticisms of The Monk was made by one Reverend Thomas Mathias, who called it blasphemous. Because of controversy like this, Lewis excised certain passages for the fourth and fifth editions. Mathias pointed to the passage in the first edition where Antonia reads from an expurgated Bible because the original was improper for women. Are there other instances of blasphemy in the text? What critiques of Christianity does Lewis seem to be making? How might the novel be considered anti-Catholic?
2. The main plot, concerning Ambrosio, derives from the story of Santon Barsisa, which appeared in The Guardian in 1713. The secondary plot, of Raymond and Agnes, seems to be of Lewis’s own creation. What do you believe he intended by telling this multifaceted tale? Why not let the story of Ambrosio stand alone? How do the two stories run parallel to each other?
3. How does Lewis reconcile religion and superstition? Consider the roles of the Bleeding Nun and the Wandering Jew.
4. What kind of position was Monk Lewis taking with respect to the social and religious establishments of the eighteenth century? Might he have been commenting on what may happen when our individual choices are taken away? Consider how this might be applicable to contemporary issues.
5. The Monk was Lewis’s only novel; he was primarily known as a playwright. Consider both the physical and structural architecture in The Monk. How might the novel be considered theatrically structured?
6. The critic Christopher Maclachlan notes that in many ways this novel presents a more positive portrayal of women’s sexuality than does other gothic fiction. Does this argument hold true for all the female characters? What deeper significance could this proto-feminism have?
7. Consider the shifting tone throughout the novel. How do these nuances affect our reading?
8. Ann Radcliffe was disgusted by The Monk and retaliated with her version of a gothic novel called The Italian, first published in 1797. Radcliffe’s novel ends on a happy note, with the lovers reuniting. This provided a stark contrast to Lewis’s ending with Ambrosio’s demonical torture. Compare these endings. Which seems to work better? Keep in mind that these works were originally known as romance novels.
A NOTE ON THE TEXT
This Modern Library Paperback Classic is set from a facsimile copy of the April 1796 edition printed for J. Bell, Oxford Street, London. This edition is considered the most authoritative, as subsequent editions were edited by Matthew Lewis to expurgate certain passages that some deemed immoral and perverse. To the greatest possible extent, oddities and inconsistencies of spelling and punctuation have been preserved.
THE MODERN LIBRARY EDITORIAL BOARD
Maya Angelou
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Daniel J. Boorstin
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A. S. Byatt
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B. Caleb Carr
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Christopher Cerf
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Ron Chernow
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Shelby Foote
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Stephen Jay Gould
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Vartan Gregorian
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Richard Howard
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Charles Johnson
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Jon Krakauer
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Edmund Morris
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Joyce Carol Oates
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Elaine Pagels
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John Richardson
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Salman Rushdie
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Oliver Sacks
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Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
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Carolyn See
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William Styron
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Gore Vidal