The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants [75]
is as follows:- We have seen that Palm and von Mohl observed about the same time the singular phenomenon of the spontaneous revolving movement of twining-plants. Palm (p. 58), I presume, observed likewise the revolving movement of tendrils; but I do not feel sure of this, for he says very little on the subject. Dutrochet fully described this movement of the tendril in the common pea. Mohl first discovered that tendrils are sensitive to contact; but from some cause, probably from observing too old tendrils, he was not aware how sensitive they were, and thought that prolonged pressure was necessary to excite their movement. Professor Asa Gray, in a paper already quoted, first noticed the extreme sensitiveness and rapidity of the movements of the tendrils of certain Cucurbitaceous plants.
{26} Fritz Muller states (ibid. p. 348) that in South Brazil the trifid tendrils of Haplolophium, (one of the Bignoniaceae) without having come into contact with any object, terminate in smooth shining discs. These, however, after adhering to any object, sometimes become considerably enlarged.
{27} Comptes Rendus, tom. xvii. 1843, p. 989.
{28} 'Lecons de Botanique,' &c., 1841, p. 170.
{29} I am indebted to Prof. Oliver for information on this head. In the Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France, 1857, there are numerous discussions on the nature of the tendrils in this family.
{30} 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1864, p. 721. From the affinity of the Cucurbitaceae to the Passifloraceae, it might be argued that the tendrils of the former are modified flower-peduncles, as is certainly the case with those of Passion flowers. Mr. R. Holland (Hardwicke's 'Science-Gossip,' 1865, p. 105) states that "a cucumber grew, a few years ago in my own garden, where one of the short prickles upon the fruit had grown out into a long, curled tendril."
{31} Trans. Phil. Soc. 1812, p. 314.
{32} Dr. M'Nab remarks (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol xi. p. 292) that the tendrils of Amp. Veitchii bear small globular discs before they have came into contact with any object; and I have since observed the same fact. These discs, however, increase greatly in size, if they press against and adhere to any surface. The tendrils, therefore, of one species of Ampelopsis require the stimulus of contact for the first development of their discs, whilst those of another species do not need any such stimulus. We have seen an exactly parallel case with two species of Bignoniaceae.
{33} Fritz Muller remarks (ibid. p. 348) that a related genus, Serjania, differs from Cardiospermum in bearing only a single tendril; and that the common peduncle contracts spirally, when, as frequently happens, the tendril has clasped the plant's own stem.
{34} Prof. Asa Gray informs me that the tendrils of P. sicyoides revolve even at a quicker rate than those of P. gracilis; four revolutions were completed (the temperature varying from 88 degrees- 92 degrees Fahr.) in the following times, 40 m., 45 m., 38.5 m., and 46 m. One half-revolution was performed in 15 m.
{35} See M. Isid. Leon in Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, tom. v. 1858, p. 650. Dr. H. de Vries points out (p. 306) that I have overlooked, in the first edition of this essay, the following sentence by Mohl: "After a tendril has caught a support, it begins in some days to wind into a spire, which, since the tendril is made fast at both extremities, must of necessity be in some places to the right, in others to the left." But I am not surprised that this brief sentence, without any further explanation did not attract my attention.
{36} Sachs, however ('Text-Book of Botany,' Eng. Translation, 1875, p. 280), has shown that which I overlooked, namely, that the tendrils of different species are adapted to clasp supports of different thicknesses. He further shows that after a tendril has clasped a support it subsequently tightens its hold.
{37} Annales des Sc. Nat. Bot. 4th series, tom. xii. p. 89.
{38} It occurred to me that the movement of notation and that from a touch might be differently
{26} Fritz Muller states (ibid. p. 348) that in South Brazil the trifid tendrils of Haplolophium, (one of the Bignoniaceae) without having come into contact with any object, terminate in smooth shining discs. These, however, after adhering to any object, sometimes become considerably enlarged.
{27} Comptes Rendus, tom. xvii. 1843, p. 989.
{28} 'Lecons de Botanique,' &c., 1841, p. 170.
{29} I am indebted to Prof. Oliver for information on this head. In the Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France, 1857, there are numerous discussions on the nature of the tendrils in this family.
{30} 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1864, p. 721. From the affinity of the Cucurbitaceae to the Passifloraceae, it might be argued that the tendrils of the former are modified flower-peduncles, as is certainly the case with those of Passion flowers. Mr. R. Holland (Hardwicke's 'Science-Gossip,' 1865, p. 105) states that "a cucumber grew, a few years ago in my own garden, where one of the short prickles upon the fruit had grown out into a long, curled tendril."
{31} Trans. Phil. Soc. 1812, p. 314.
{32} Dr. M'Nab remarks (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol xi. p. 292) that the tendrils of Amp. Veitchii bear small globular discs before they have came into contact with any object; and I have since observed the same fact. These discs, however, increase greatly in size, if they press against and adhere to any surface. The tendrils, therefore, of one species of Ampelopsis require the stimulus of contact for the first development of their discs, whilst those of another species do not need any such stimulus. We have seen an exactly parallel case with two species of Bignoniaceae.
{33} Fritz Muller remarks (ibid. p. 348) that a related genus, Serjania, differs from Cardiospermum in bearing only a single tendril; and that the common peduncle contracts spirally, when, as frequently happens, the tendril has clasped the plant's own stem.
{34} Prof. Asa Gray informs me that the tendrils of P. sicyoides revolve even at a quicker rate than those of P. gracilis; four revolutions were completed (the temperature varying from 88 degrees- 92 degrees Fahr.) in the following times, 40 m., 45 m., 38.5 m., and 46 m. One half-revolution was performed in 15 m.
{35} See M. Isid. Leon in Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, tom. v. 1858, p. 650. Dr. H. de Vries points out (p. 306) that I have overlooked, in the first edition of this essay, the following sentence by Mohl: "After a tendril has caught a support, it begins in some days to wind into a spire, which, since the tendril is made fast at both extremities, must of necessity be in some places to the right, in others to the left." But I am not surprised that this brief sentence, without any further explanation did not attract my attention.
{36} Sachs, however ('Text-Book of Botany,' Eng. Translation, 1875, p. 280), has shown that which I overlooked, namely, that the tendrils of different species are adapted to clasp supports of different thicknesses. He further shows that after a tendril has clasped a support it subsequently tightens its hold.
{37} Annales des Sc. Nat. Bot. 4th series, tom. xii. p. 89.
{38} It occurred to me that the movement of notation and that from a touch might be differently