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L.A. TIMES, Sept. 29, 2001, at 3; Giuliani quoted in Lisa Anderson & Dan Mihalopoulos, A Grim Search in a Shattered City, CHI. TRIB., Sept. 13, 2001, at 1; Governor Bush quoted in David Lazarus, This Way, Consumers All, To the Cash Register, S.F. CHRON., NOV. 25, 2005, at C1.

32. Juliet Schor, The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need, THE BOSTON REVIEW, Summer 1999, available at http://bostonreview.net.

33. Id.

34. RICHARD DAWKINS, THE GOD DELUSION (2006); CHRISTOPHER HITCHINS, GOD IS NOT GREAT: HOW RELIGION POISONS EVERYTHING (2007); RELIGULOUS (Thousand Words 2008); Jeffrey M. Jones, Some Americans Reluctant to Vote for Mormon, 72-Year-Old Presidential Candidates, Gallup News Service, Feb. 20, 2007, available at http://www.gallup.com (reporting that 53 percent of Americans would not vote for an atheist); Penny Edgell et al., Atheists as “Other”: Moral Boundaries and Cultural Membership in American Society, 71 AM. SOC. REV. 211, 216, 218 (2006).

35. See The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, Faith in Flux, Changes in Religious Affiliation in the U.S., Apr. 2009, available at http://pewforum.org/Faith-in-Flux.aspx (full report available at http://pewforum.org) (showing that 56 percent of Americans have the same religion as their childhood religion and that 15 percent have switched from one Protestant religion to another); see also Barna Group, Survey Finds Lots of Spiritual Dialogue but Not Much Change, Sept. 27, 2010, available at http://www.barna.org.

36. See Barna Group, Do Americans Change Faiths?, Aug. 16, 2010, available at http://www.barna.org.

37. ARIEL LEVY, FEMALE CHAUVINIST PIGS: WOMEN AND THE RISE OF RAUNCH CULTURE 185, 195 (2005).

38. Id. at 197.

39. Judith Warner, The Choice Myth, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 8, 2009, available at http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com.

CHAPTER 5

Choice and Power

Epigraphs: MARIO PUZO, THE GODFATHER 39 (1969). ANTHONY BURGESS, A CLOCKWORK ORANGE 83 (1962).

1. This is a close paraphrase of the statements in the actual experiment. This description of the experiment borrows from STANLEY MILGRAM, OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY (Perennial Classics ed., 2004). For pictures of the experiment, see A Famous Experiment, N.Y. TIMES, JULY 1, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/06/30/science/070108-MIND_index.html.

2. Milgram at 13–26.

3. Id. at 27–31.

4. Id. at 35.

5. Id. at 35, 60.

6. Id. at 113–22.

7. Id. at 47, 83, 54.

8. Jerome S. Bruner, Foreword, in MILGRAM, OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY, at xiii.

9. See Benedict Carey, Decades Later, Still Asking: Would I Pull That Switch?, N.Y. TIMES, July 1, 2008; Jerry M. Burger, Replicating Milgram: Would People Still Obey Today?, 64 AMER. PSYCHOLOGIST 1, 1–11 (2009) (finding obedience rates in a 2006 replication were only slightly lower than those Milgram found forty-five years earlier).

10. The British show was a reality television special called The Heist, starring Derren Brown, discoverable on YouTube. For an account of the French show, see Eleanor Beardsley, Fake TV Show “Tortures” Man, Shocks France, National Public Radio, All Things Considered, Mar. 18, 2010, available at http://www.npr.org.

11. Police report of arrest, available at The Smoking Gun, http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2009/0723092gates1.html.

12. Michael Joseph Gross, James Ray Defends Himself, NEW YORK MAG., Jan. 24, 2010, available at http://nymag.com.

13. John Dougherty, For Some Seeking Rebirth, Sweat Lodge Was End, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 22, 2009.

14. J. J. Hensley & Glen Creno, Differing Accounts of Ray’s Behavior in Sweat-Lodge Deaths, THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC, Dec. 29, 2009; Ryan Smith, Sweat Lodge Guru James Arthur Ray Ignored Broken Bones, More, Leading Up To 3 Deaths, Say Court Docs, CBSNews.com, Dec. 29, 2009.

15. Dougherty, supra; Smith, supra.

16. Smith, supra; Paul Harris, Police Report Gives First Details of Arizona Sweat Lodge Deaths, THE OBSERVER, Jan. 3, 2010.

17. Milgram, at 51.

18. Id. at 51–52.

CHAPTER 6

Choice and the Free Market