The Price of Civilization_ Reawakening American Virtue and Prosperity - Jeffrey D. Sachs [126]
22. Jane G. Gravelle, “Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion,” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, July 2009.
23. Nolan McCarty et al., Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), p. 272.
24. Business Wire, “Business and Financial Leaders Lord Rothschild and Rupert Murdoch Invest in Genie Oil & Gas,” November 15, 2010.
25. Luca Di Leo and Jeffrey Sparshott, “Corporate Profits Rise to Record Annual Rate,” Wall Street Journal, November 24, 2010.
26. Aaron Lucchetti and Stephen Grocer, “On Street, Pay Vaults to Record Altitude,” Wall Street Journal, February 2, 2011.
Chapter 8: The Distracted Society
1. Coen Advertising Expenditure Dataset, quoted in Douglas Galbi, “U.S. Advertising Expenditure, 1998–2007,” Purple Motes blog, February 16, 2009.
2. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (New York: Macmillan, 1902), pp. 68–101.
3. Edward Bernays, Propaganda, 1928:
The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of.… There are invisible rulers who control the destinies of millions. It is not generally realized to what extent the words and actions of our most influential public men are dictated by shrewd persons operating behind the scenes. Nor, what is still more important, the extent to which our thoughts and habits are modified by authorities. (pp. 9, 35)
4. U.S. Census Bureau, “No. HS-42: Selected Communications Media: 1920 to 2001.”
5. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Food for Thought: Television Food Advertising to Children in the United States,” March 2007, p. 2.
6. Joe McGinniss, The Selling of the President 1968 (New York: Trident, 1969).
7. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Food for Thought,” p. 57.
8. Deirdre Barrett, Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010).
9. There were three main forms of regulation. First, the FCC insisted on some programming not supported by advertising. Second, the FCC maintained a “Fairness Doctrine” to ensure that alternative points of view would be heard. Third, the FCC imposed ownership limits on the media, to prevent the monopolization of the local airwaves or the joint control of print, radio, and TV in a local market. These three mechanisms tamed the worst excesses of privately owned television as late as the 1970s. Then came the deregulation of the 1980s, which continues today.
10. Wilhelm Röpke, A Humane Economy: The Social Framework of the Free Market (Wilmington: ISI Books, 1960), p. 137.
11. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2003), p. 53.
12. John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Toronto: University of Toronto Libraries, 2011), Chapter 2, Paragraph 20.
13. Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays.”
14. Google: “Google Search Advertising Revenue Grows 20.2% in 2010,” January 20, 2011. Facebook: “Facebook’s Ad Revenue Hit $1.86b for 2010,” January 17, 2011.
15. Emily Steel, “A Web Pioneer Profiles Users by Name,” Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2010.
16. The following data are from Roger Bohn and James Short, “How Much Information? 2009 Report on American Consumers,” Global Information Industry Center, December 2009.
17. National Endowment for the Arts, “To Read or Not to Read: A Question of National Consequence,” Research Report No. 47, November 2007, Sections 1 and 2.
18. Mark Bauerlein, The Dumbest Generation (New York: Penguin, 2008), p. 16.
19. Pew Research Center for the People