The Price of Everything - Eduardo Porter [118]
Notes
General note: Unless otherwise noted, prices in U.S. dollars are converted to 2009 dollars using the Consumer Price Index.
1-4 Prices Are Everywhere: The data on how people value garbage is drawn from: Annegrete Bruvoll and Karine Nyborg, “On the Value of Households’ Recycling Efforts,” Statistics Norway Research Department Discussion Paper, March 2002 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=310320, accessed 08/01/2010); Roland K. Roberts, Peggy V. Douglas, and William M. Park, “Estimating External Costs of Municipal Landfill Siting Through Contingent Valuation Analysis: A Case Study,” Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23, Issue 2, December 1991; Derek Eaton and Thea Hilhorst, “Opportunities for Managing Solid Waste Flows in the Peri-Urban Interface of Bamako and Ouagadougou,” Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 15, No. 1, April 2003; and Papiya Sarkar, “Solid Waste Management in Delhi—A Social Vulnerability Study,” in Martin J. Bunch, V. Madha Suresh, and T. Vasantha Kumaran, eds., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health, Chennai, India, December 15-17, 2003 (Chennai, India: Department of Geography, University of Madras and Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University), pp. 451-464. Evidence of the different Swiss and Chinese attitudes toward the environment is drawn from the 2005-2008 wave of the World Values Survey (http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/, accessed 08/01/2010). The relation between sulfur-dioxide emissions and income is found in Gene Grossman and Alan Krueger, “Economic Growth and the Environment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No. 2, 1995 (converted to 2009 dollars using GDP deflator). SO2 emissions in the United States are drawn from the Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov/air/sulfurdioxide/, accessed 08/01/2010). The tale of the Larry Summers memo is drawn from Noam Scheiber, “Free Larry Summers: Why the White House Needs to Unleash Him,” New Republic, April 1, 2009; “Let Them Eat Pollution,” Economist, February 8, 1992; and James A. Swaney, “What’s Wrong with Dumping on Africa?,” Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 28, No. 2, June 1994, pp. 367-377.
5-8 The Price of Crossing Borders: Comparative gender gaps are drawn from: Bijayalaxmi Nanda, “The Ladli Scheme in India: Leading to a Lehenga or a Law Degree?” Presentation, Department of Political Science, Miranda House, Delhi University (http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pressroom/files/ipc126.pdf, accessed 08/13/2010). The analysis of illegal immigration into the United States draws from: Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda, “Raising the Floor for American Workers: The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform,” Center for American Progress, January 2010 (http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/special-reports/raising-floor-american-workers. , accessed 08/01/2010); the Mexican Migration Project database (http://mmp.opr.princeton.edu/results/001costs-en.aspx, accessed on 06/30/2010); Maria Jimenez, “Humanitarian Crisis: Migrant Deaths at the U.S.-Mexico Border,” American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, 2009 (http://www.aclu.org/immigrants-rights/humanitarian-crisis-migrant-deaths-us-mexico-border, accessed 08/08/2010); Patricia Cortes, “The Effect of Low-Skilled Immigration on U.S. Prices: Evidence from CPI Data,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 116, No. 3, June 2008; and Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, “Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2009” (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ill_pe_2009.pdf,