• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

By Root 1394 0

in the centuries up to Malthus’s day and the economic transformation experienced since then draws from J. Bradford Delong, “Estimating World GDP, One Million B.C.-Present,” May 1998, unpublished (at www.j-bradford-delong.net/TCEH/1998_Draft/World_GDP/Estimating_World_GDP.html, accessed 07/19/2010); David Cutler, Angus Deaton, and Adriana Lleras-Muney, “The Determinants of Mortality,” NBER Working Paper, January 2006; Julie Jefferies, “The UK Population: Past, Present and Future,” in Focus on People and Migration, UK Office for National Statistics, 2005 (at www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/01_FOPM_Population.pdf, accessed 07/19/2010); Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O’Rourke, Power and Plenty: Trade, War and the World Economy in the Second Millennium (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), pp. 315-323; and Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities of Our Time (London: Penguin Books, 2006), pp. 27-37. The comparative data on carbon emissions in the United States, China, and India comes from the United States Energy Information Administration (www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pdf/ieorefcase.pdf, accessed 07/19/2010).

205-209 Mispricing Nature: Jeffrey Sachs’s quote is in Jeffrey Sachs, Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet (NewYork : The Penguin Press, 2008), p. 67. The Environmental Protection Agency’s evaluation of the social costs of CO2 emissions is in the Environmental Protection Agency, “Technical Support Document on Benefits of Reducing GHG Emissions,” June 12, 2008 (www.eenews.net/public/25/10084/features/documents/2009/03/11/document_gw_04.pdf, accessed 07/19/2010). Data on energy prices, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Germany are drawn from Eurostat news release, “Household Electricity Prices in the EU27 Fell by 1.5% and Gas Prices by 16.0%,” May 28, 2010 (epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/8-28052010-AP/EN/8-28052010-ap-en.pdf , accessed 07/19/2010); United States Energy Information Administration (at www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_30.html. , accessed 07/19/2010); OECD Factbook (www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/factbook-2010-en, accessed 07/18/2010); and International Energy Agency, “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, Highlights,” 2009, p. 89 (http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/, accessed 08/09/2010). American driving patterns and gas consumption compared with other countries is drawn from Edward Glaeser and Matthew Kahn, “Sprawl and Urban Growth,” NBER Working Paper, May 2003; and World Bank, “World Development Indicators: Transport Sector Gasoline Fuel Consumption Per Capita” (data.worldbank .org/indicator/IS.ROD.SGAS.PC, accessed 07/19/2010) and “World Development Indicators: Motor Vehicles (per 1,000 people)” (data.worldbank.org/ indicator/IS.VEH.NVEH.P3, accessed 08/05/2010). The impact of gas prices on car sales is estimated in Meghan Busse, Christopher Knittel, and Florian Zettelmeyer, “Pain at the Pump: The Differential Effect of Gasoline Prices on New and Used Automobile Markets,” NBER Working Paper, December 2009. Data on bestselling cars and their carbon emissions are from “New Car CO2 Report,” Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, London, March 2009 (http://www.smmt.co.uk/downloads/SMMT-Annual-CO2-report.pdf, accessed on 08/16/2010); Autodata (http://www.motorintelligence.com/m_frameset.html, accessed 01/15/2010); and www.fueleconomy.gov. Data on the path of CO2 emissions and global warming is from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, “International Energy Outlook,” May 2010; the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Climate Change, 2007 Synthesis Report” (at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf, accessed 07/19/2010); The Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change, Executive Summary, London, October 2006 (webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/sternre view_index.cfm , accessed 07/19/2010). Estimates of population and the availability of water in 2050 are from a United Nations Press Conference on Key Issues