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2. Aldo Leopold, Game Management (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986), p. 19.

3. Neil B. Carmony and David E. Brown (eds.), The Wilderness of the Southwest: Charles Sheldon’s Quest for Desert Bighorn Sheep and Adventures with the Havasupai and Seri Indians (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1979), p. 12.

4. “Roosevelt to Cross Grand Canyon,” New York Times, July 15, 1913, p. 2.

5. Theodore Roosevelt, A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open (New York: Scribner, 1916), p. 7.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid., pp. 1–10.

8. Lawrence W. Rakestraw, A History of the United States Forest Service in Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Historical Commission, 1981), chap. 4.

9. Meine, Aldo Leopold, pp. 148–149.

10. Ibid.

11. The inscribed book is at the Leopold Library, University of California, Berkeley.

12. John Muir, The Yosemite (New York: Century, 1912), p. 257.

13. Robert W. Righter, The Battle over Hetch Hetchy: America’s Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 133.

14. John Muir, John Muir: The Eight Wilderness Discovery Books (Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 1992), p. 714.

15. John Muir, Steep Trails (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), p. 74.

16. Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 464.

17. Theodore Roosevelt, “John Muir: An Appreciation,” Outlook (January 6, 1915), p. 27.

18. Roderick Frazier Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 4th ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 358.

19. John Muir, Travels in Alaska (New York: Modern Library, 2002), p. 4.

20. Ibid., p. 13.

21. Ibid., p. 193.

22. Samuel Hall Young, Alaska Days with John Muir (Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell, 1915), pp. 224–226.

23. Meine, Aldo Leopold, pp. 147–156.

24. Theodore Roosevelt to Aldo Leopold, June 18, 1917, Leopold Papers, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

25. Gene Fowler, William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s obituary, Post (January 1917).

26. Roosevelt, Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open, p. vii.

27. Bruce Woods, Alaska’s National Wildlife Refuges (Anchorage: Alaska Geographic Society, 2003), p. 13.

28. Quoted in Paul S. Sutter, Driven Wild: How the Fight Against Automobiles Launched the Modern Environmental Movement (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002), p. 43.

29. Alfred Runte, National Parks: The American Experience (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), pp. 208–209.

30. Dian Olson Belanger and Adrian Kinnane, Managing American Wildlife (Rockville, MD: Montrose, 2002).

31. Frank Graham Jr., Man’s Dominion: The Story of Conservation in America (New York: M. Evans, 1971), p. 201; James B. Trefethen, An American Crusade for Wildlife (New York: Winchester and Boone and Crockett Club, 1975), pp. 206–208.

32. Tanana Valley Association History (Fairbanks, AK: Tanana Valley Association Archive, April 23, 2009).

33. Theodore Roosevelt, “Is Polar Exploration Worth While?” Outlook (March 1, 1913).

34. Elaine Rhode, National Wildlife Refuges of Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Natural History Association, 2003), pp. 10–12.

35. Roosevelt, “Is Polar Exploration Worth While?”

36. Madison Grant, “The Conditions of Wildlife in Alaska,” in George Bird Grinnell (ed.), Hunting at High Altitudes (New York: Harper, 1913), p. 375.

37. Robert A. Jones, “Alaska Parks: Battle Lines Form Around Last Frontier,” Los Angeles Times, September 5, 1977, p. 5.

38. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac (New York: Ballantine, 1970), p. 278.

39. Grant, “The Conditions of Wildlife in Alaska,” p. 375.

40. John Muir, The Writings of John Muir: The Cruise of the Corwin (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), p. 258.

41. John Branson, historian of Lake Clark–Iliamna National Park, is writing a biography of John W. Clark. He greatly helped me understand the history of this beautiful part of Alaska.

42. John B. Branson, The Canneries, Cabins, and Caches of Bristol Bay, Alaska (Anchorage, AK: U.S.