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39. Murie, A Naturalist in Alaska, pp. 79–80.

40. Douglas H. Chadwick, “Wolf Wars,” National Geographic, Vol. 217, No. 3 (March 2010), pp. 34–55.

41. William Brown, Symbol of the Alaskan Wild: An Illustrated History of the Denali–Mount McKinley Region, Alaska (Denali National Park: Alaska Natural History Association, 1993).

42. Franklin, “Adolph Murie: Denali’s Wilderness Conscience,” p. 50.

43. Brown, Symbol of the Alaskan Wild, p. 184.

44. Adolph Murie to Robert Sterling Yard, January 15, 1935, Adolph Murie Collection, Box 4, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie.

45. Olaus Murie to Adolph Murie, March 21, 1951, Martin Murie (personal papers), University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

46. Karsten Heuer, Being Caribou: Five Months on Foot with an Arctic Herd (Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 2005).

47. Dunlap, Saving America’s Wildlife, p. 105.

48. Lopez, Of Wolves and Men, pp. 159–160.

49. “History of Wolf Control in Alaska” (Washington, DC: Defenders of Wildlife, March 2010).

1. William O. Douglas, The Autobiography of William O. Douglas: The Court Years, 1939–1975 (New York: Random House, 1980), p. 371; William O. Douglas, Go East, Young Man (New York, Random House, 1974), p. 206.

2. William O. Douglas, My Wilderness: The Pacific West (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968), p. 10.

3. Henry David Thoreau, Walden or Life in the Woods (New York: New American Library, 1960), p. 10.

4. Douglas, My Wilderness, p. 199.

5. Ibid.

6. Bruce Allen Murphy, Wild Bill: The Legend and Life of William O. Douglas (New York: Random House, 2003), p. 454.

7. Reprinted in Christopher Stone, Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects (Palo Alto, CA: Tioga, 1988).

8. Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972).

9. “Mr. Justice Douglas, Dissenting,” Living Wilderness (Summer 1972), pp. 19–29.

10. Murphy, Wild Bill, pp. 454–457.

11. Author interview, June 14, 2010.

12. James O’Fallon, Nature’s Justice: Writings of William O. Douglas (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2000), pp. 293–294.

13. Douglas, My Wilderness, p. 160.

14. Adam W. Sowards, The Environmental Justice: William O. Douglas and American Conservation (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2009), pp. 10–13.

15. William Douglas, Of Men and Mountains: The Classic Memoir of Wilderness Adventure (Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot, 2001), pp. 33–34.

16. Ibid., p. 168.

17. O’Fallon, Nature’s Justice, p. 70.

18. Mark Wyman, Hoboes: Bindlestiffs, Fruit Tramps, and the Harvesting of the West (New York: Hill and Wang, 2010), p. 273.

19. Current Biography, Vol. 17 (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1942), pp. 233–235.

20. Douglas, Of Men and Mountains, p. 11.

21. O’Fallon, Nature’s Justice, p. 38.

22. Douglas, Of Men and Mountains, p. 15.

23. O’Fallon, Nature’s Justice, p. 5.

24. James F. Simon, Independent Journey: The Life of William O. Douglas (New York: Harper and Row, 1980), p. 72.

25. Ibid., p. 73.

26. Ibid., p. 75.

27. Douglas, Go East, Young Man, p. 137.

28. Ibid., p. 151.

29. O’Fallon, Nature’s Justice, pp. 8–12.

30. Douglas, Go East, Young Man, p. 309.

31. Ibid., pp. 310–311.

32. Stephen Fox, The American Conservation Movement (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981), p. 212.

33. Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963), p. 155.

34. William O. Douglas, A Wilderness Bill of Rights (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1965), pp. 178–179.

35. Kesler E. Woodward (ed.), Painting in the North: Alaskan Art in the Anchorage Museum of History and Art (Anchorage, AK: Anchorage Museum of History and Art, 1993).

36. Claus-M. Naske and Herman E. Slotnick, Alaska: A History of the 49th State (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994).

37. Glenn Holder, Talking Totem Poles (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1973), pp. 66–67.

38. “Glacier Bay National Monument,” National Park Service History Report, Gustavus, AK.

39. William S. Cooper, “A Contribution to the History of the Glacier Bay National Monument” (Gustavus,