The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [181]
p. 129 ‘Other descendants of the Black Sea refugees took to the plains of what is now Ukraine’. Fagan, B. 2004. The Long Summer. Granta.
p. 129 ‘a genetic mutation, substituting G for A in a control sequence upstream of a pigment gene called OCA2’. Eiberg H. et al. 2008. Blue eye color in humans may be caused by a perfectly associated founder mutation in a regulatory element located within the HERC2 gene inhibiting OCA2 expression. Human Genetics 123:177–87.
p. 130 ‘The carbon dioxide released by the fires may even have helped to warm the climate to its 6,000-years-ago balmy maximum’. Ruddiman, W.F. and Ellis, E.C. 2009. Effect of per-capita land use changes on Holocene forest clearance and CO2 emissions. Quaternary Science Reviews. (doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.022).
p. 130 ‘the stamp seals of the Halaf people, 8,000 years ago’. http://www.tellhalaf-projekt.de/de/tellhalaf/tellhalaf.htm.
p. 131 ‘Haim Ofek writes’. Ofek, H. 2001. Second Nature: Economic Origins of Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
p. 131 ‘in the words of two theorists’. Richerson, P.J. and Boyd, R. 2007. The evolution of free-enterprise values. In Zak, P. (ed.) 2008. Moral Markets Princeton University Press.
p. 131 ‘very early mining of pure copper-metal deposits around Lake Superior’. Pledger, T. 2003. A brief introduction to the Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes: 4000–1000 BC. In Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Forest History Association of Wisconsin, Inc. Oconto, Wisconsin, 5 October 2002, pp. 10–18. See also http://www.uwfox.uwc.edu/academics/depts/tpleger/oldcopper.html.
p. 132 ‘the Mitterberg copper miners’. Shennan, S.J. 1999. Cost, benefit and value in the organization of early European copper production. Antiquity 73:352–63.
p. 132–3 ‘typical modern non-industrial people, living in traditional societies, directly consume between one-third and two-thirds of what they produce, and exchange the rest for other goods’. Davis, J. 1992. Exchange. Open University Press.
p. 133 ‘Up to about 300 kilograms of food per head per year, people eat what they grow’. Clark, C. 1970. Starvation or Plenty? Secker and Warburg.
p. 133 ‘Stephen Shennan satirises the attitude thus’. Shennan, S.J. 1999. Cost, benefit and value in the organization of early European copper production. Antiquity 73:352–63.
p. 134 ‘The ‘kula’ system of the south Pacific’. Davis, J. 1992. Exchange. Open University Press.
p. 135 ‘the worst mistake in the history of the human race’. Diamond. J. 1987. The worst mistake in the history of the human race? Discover, May: 64–6.
p. 136 ‘polygamy enables poor women to share in prosperity more than poor men’. Shennan, S. 2002. Genes, Memes and Human History. Thames & Hudson.
p. 137 ‘Fuegian men, who could not swim, left their wives to anchor canoes in kelp beds and swim ashore in snow storms’. Bridges, E.L. 1951. The Uttermost Part of the Earth. Hodder & Stoughton.
p. 137 ‘One commentator writes’. Wood, J.W. et al. 1998. A theory of preindustrial population dynamics: demography, economy, and well-being in Malthusian systems. Current Anthropology 39:99–135.
p. 137 ‘The archaeologist Steven LeBlanc says that the evidence of constant violence in the ancient past’. LeBlanc, S.A. and Register, K. 2003. Constant Battles: Why We Fight. St Martin’s Griffin.
p. 138 ‘In the Merzbach valley in Germany’. Shennan, S. 2002. Genes, Memes and Human History. Thames & Hudson.
p. 138 ‘At Talheim around 4900 BC’. Bentley, R.A., Wahl, J., Price T.D. and Atkinson, T.C. 2008. Isotopic signatures and hereditary traits: snapshot of a Neolithic community in Germany. Antiquity 82:290–304.
p. 138 ‘As Paul Seabright has written’. Seabright, P. 2008. Warfare and the Multiple Adoption of Agriculture after the Last Ice Age, IDEI Working Paper no. 522, April 2008.
p. 138 ‘When Samuel Champlain accompanied (and assisted with his arquebus) a successful Huron raid upon the Mohawks in 1609’. Brook, T. 2008. Vermeer’s Hat. Profile Books.