The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [186]
p. 166 ‘Such merchants “did not devote themselves to trading in copper and wool because Assyria needed them, but because that trade was a means of obtaining more gold and silver”.’ Aubet, M.E. 2001. The Phoenicians and the West. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
p. 167 ‘a different Phoenician invention, the bireme galley’. Holst, S. 2006. Phoenicians: Lebanon’s Epic Heritage. Sierra Sunrise Publishing.
p. 168 ‘“Homer” displays a relentlessly negative attitude to Phoenician traders’. Aubet, M.E. 2001. The Phoenicians and the West. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
p. 168 ‘Tyrian traders founded Gadir, present-day Cadiz, around 750 BC’. Aubet, M.E. 2001. The Phoenicians and the West. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
p. 169 ‘said a Montagnais trapper to a French missionary in seventeenth-century Canada’. Brook, T. 2008. Vermeer’s Hat. Profile Books.
p. 169 ‘When HMS Dolphin’s sailors found that a twenty-penny iron nail could buy a sexual encounter on Tahiti in 1767’. Bolyanatz, A. H. 2004. Pacific Romanticism: Tahiti and the European Imagination. Greenwood Publishing Group.
p. 170 ‘advanced by David Hume’. This argument goes back to David Hume’s History of Great Britain, and has been pursued recently by Douglass North.
p. 170 ‘Miletus, the most successful of the Ionian Greek cities, sat “like a bloated spider” at the junction of four trade routes’. Cunliffe, B. 2001. The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek. Penguin.
p. 172 ‘Humanity’s great battle over the last 10,000 years has been the battle against monopoly.’ Kealey, T. 2008. Sex, Science and Profits. Random House.
p. 172 ‘The Mauryan empire in India’. Khanna, V. S. 2005. The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India (1 November 2005). Social Sciences Research Network.
p. 173 ‘without question the economic superpower of the day’. Maddison, A. 2006. The World Economy. OECD Publishing.
p. 173 ‘wrote Thomas Carney’. Carney, T.F. 1975. The Shape of the Past. Coronado Press.
p. 174 ‘Ostia was a trading city as surely as Hong Kong is today’. Moore, K. and Lewis, D. 2000. Foundations of Corporate Empire. Pearson.
p. 174 ‘Rome’s continuing prosperity once the republic became an empire may be down at least partly to the “discovery” of India’. Chanda, N. 2007. Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers and Warriors Shaped Globalisation. Yale University Press.
p. 176 ‘The predatory expansion of the Carolingian Franks in the eighth century’. Kohn, M. 2008. How and why economies develop and grow: lessons from preindustrial Europe and China. Unpublished manuscript.
p. 177 ‘A dhow that sank off Belitung in Indonesia in AD 826’. Flecker, M. 2001. A 9th-century Arab or Indian shipwreck in Indonesian waters. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.29:199–217.
p. 177 ‘Once the priesthood tightened its grip’. Norberg, J. 2006. When Man Created the World. Published in Swedish as När människan skapade världen. Timbro.
p. 178 ‘Maghribi traders developed their own rules of contract enforcement and punishment by ostracism’. Greif, A. 2006. Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade. Cambridge University Press.
p. 178 ‘a Pisan trader living in north Africa, Fibonacci’. Ferguson, N. 2008. The Ascent of Money. Allen Lane.
p. 178 ‘Genoa’s trade with North Africa doubled after an agreement for the protection of merchants was reached’. Chanda, N. 2007. Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers and Warriors Shaped Globalisation. Yale University Press.
p. 179 ‘by 1500 Italy’s GDP per capita was 60 per cent higher than the European average’. Maddison, A. 2006. The World Economy. OECD Publishing.
p. 179 ‘As late as 1600, European trade with Asia, dominated because of transport costs by luxuries such as spices, was only half the value of the inter-regional European trade in cattle alone’. Kohn, M. 2008. How and why economies develop and grow: lessons