The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [218]
ship-building 185, 229; see also boat-building shipping, container 113, 253, 386
Shirky, Clay 356
Shiva, Vandana 156
Siberia 145
Sicily 171, 173, 178
Sidon 167, 170
Siemens, William 234
Sierra Leone 14, 316
Silesia 222
silicon chips 245, 263, 267–8
Silicon Valley 221–2, 224, 257, 258, 259, 268
silk 37, 46, 172, 175, 178, 179, 184, 187, 225
Silk Road 182
silver 31, 132, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 177, 183–4, 213
Silver, Lee 122–3
Simon, Julian 83, 280, 303
Singapore 31, 160, 187
Skhul, Israel 53
slash-and-burn farming 87, 130
slave trade 167, 170, 177, 229, 319, 380; abolition 214, 221
slavery 34, 214–15, 216, 407; ancient Greece 171; hunter-gatherer societies 45, 92; Mesopotamia 160; Roman empire 174, 176, 214; United States 216, 228–9, 415; see also anti-slavery
sleeping sickness 310, 319
Slovakia 136
smallpox 13, 14, 135, 310; vaccine 221
smelting 131–2, 160, 230
smiling 2, 94
Smith, Adam 8, 80, 96, 101, 104, 199, 249, 272, 350; Das Adam Smith Problem 93–4; Theory of Moral Sentiments 93; The Wealth of Nations vii, 37–8, 39, 56, 57, 93, 123, 236, 283
Smith, Vernon 9, 90, 192
smoke, indoor 13, 338, 342, 353, 429
smoking 297, 298
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act 186
soap 176, 215
social networking websites 262, 268, 356
socialism 106, 115, 357, 406
software, computer 99, 257, 272–3, 304, 356
solar energy 216, 243, 244
solar power 234–5, 238, 239, 245–6, 343, 344–5, 408
solar wind 346
solid-state electronics 257
Solomon, Robert 94
Solow, Robert 276
Somalia 14, 316, 337, 353
songbirds 55
Sony (corporation) 261
sorghum 126, 156
South Africa: agriculture 154; economy 316, 322; life expectancy 316; pre-historic 52, 53, 54, 83
South Korea 15, 31, 116–17, 187, 212, 322
South Sea Company 29
Southey, Robert 284–5
Soviet Union 16, 107, 109, 289, 299, 318, 324
soybeans 147, 148, 155, 156, 242
space travel 268–9, 275, 282
Spain: agriculture 129; climate 334; Franco regime 186, 289; Peruvian silver 30–31, 183–4; tariffs 222
spears 6, 43, 48, 50, 52, 70, 80, 81, 91
specialisation: by sex 61–5, 136, 376; and division of labour 7, 33, 38, 46, 61–5, 175; and exchange 7, 10, 33, 35, 37–8, 46, 56, 58, 75, 90, 132–3, 350–52, 355, 358–9; and innovation 56, 71–2, 73–4, 76–7, 119, 251; and population growth 192–3, 351; and rule of law 116, 117–18
speech 2, 55; see also language
Spencer, Herbert 108
Spengler, Oswald 289
sperm counts 280, 293, 329
spice trade 167, 175, 176, 177, 179, 185
Spinoza, Baruch de 116
Sputnik 282
squashes (vegetables) 126, 163
Sri Lanka 35, 38, 66, 205, 208, 299
Stalin, Joseph 16, 262
stamp seals 130
Stangler, Dane 294
steam engines 126, 214, 221, 228, 231–2, 244, 256, 258, 270, 271, 413–14
steamships 139, 253, 283
Stein, Gil 159
Stein, Herb 281
stem-cell research 358
Stephenson, George 256, 412
Steptoe, Patrick 306
sterilisation, coerced 203–4
Stern (magazine) 304
Stern, Nicholas, Baron 330–31, 332, 425
Stiner, Mary 64, 69
storms 314, 333, 335
Strabo 174
string 70
strokes (cerebral accidents) 18
Strong, Maurice 311
Subramanian, Arvind 317
subsidies: farming 188, 328; renewable energy supplies 344
subsistence farming 87, 138, 175–6, 189, 192, 199–200
substantivism 164–5
suburbia 108, 110, 190
Sudan 316
suffrage, universal 107
sugar 179, 202, 215
sugar beet 243
sugar cane 240, 241, 242
Sun Microsystems (corporation) 259
Sunda (landmass) 66
sunflowers 126
Sungir, Russia 71, 73
superconductivity, high-temperature 257
Superior, Lake 131
supermarkets 36, 112, 148, 268, 292, 297
surfboards 273
Sussex 285
Swan, Sir Joseph 234, 272
Swaziland 14
Sweden 17, 184, 229, 305, 340, 344
Swift, Jonathan 121, 240
Switzerland 264
swords, Japanese 198–9
Sybaris 170–71
symbiosis 75, 351
synergy 6, 101
Syria 124, 130, 164, 174
Szilard, Leo 412
Tahiti 169
Taiwan 31, 187, 219, 322
Talheim, Germany 138
Tanzania 316, 325, 327–8; Hadza people 61, 63, 87
Tapscott, Don 262
Tarde, Gabriel 5
tariffs 185–7, 188, 222–3
taro (vegetable plant) 126
Tartessians 169
Tasman, Abel 80
Tasmania 78–81, 83–4
Tattersall, Ian