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’s, 1925). Many important letters, such as that of 20 September 1886, describing TR’s qualms about remarrying, and a long series to do with the alcoholism and death of Elliott Roosevelt, never saw print. I have preferred to cite the copies, rather than the published versions. TRB also contains many files of interviews, clips, notes, and photographs collected by the indefatigable Hermann Hagedorn. All Roosevelt biographers are indebted to this gentleman, although his hero-worship of TR occasionally got the better of him. To take one small but significant example, the description of TR as an Assemblyman quoted by Isaac Hunt, “He’s a brilliant madman born a hundred years too soon” (see Chapter 9), is altered in Hagedorn’s stenographic record so that “madman” appears shorn of its offending first syllable.

TRC. Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass. By far the biggest Roosevelt archive, including most of his 150,000 letters (only 10% of which have been published) either in originals or copies. The voluminous papers of TR’s two sisters are also on deposit here, along with stacks of scrapbooks and photographs and an extensive book collection.

TRP. Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress, Washington D.C. (L.C.). Mainly incoming and outgoing official correspondence, skimpy for the earlier years covered by this volume, but waxing enormous after 1898.

The above three collections contain the following diaries:

TR.PRI.DI. Theodore Roosevelt: Private Diaries, 1878–1885. The most revealing Roosevelt documents to survive. (TRP)

TR.LEG.DI. Theodore Roosevelt: Diary of Five Months in the New York Legislature, 1882. (TRB photostat) Reprinted in Mor. (see below).

TR.1886.DI. Theodore Roosevelt: Diary for 1886. Enigmatic and fragmentary. (TRC)

TR.WAR.DI. Theodore Roosevelt. Diary of the Spanish-American War, 1898. Terse but fascinating. (TRC)

And the following scrapbooks:

TR.HAR.SCR. Theodore Roosevelt. Harvard Scrapbook, 1879–80. Stripped of all relics of Alice Lee, but otherwise useful. (TRC)

TR.SCR. Theodore Roosevelt. Scrapbooks, 1881–1898. Disorganized and crumbling, but rich in contemporary clips and reviews, which are by no means all flattering. (TRC)

TR.PRES.SCR. Theodore Roosevelt. Presidential Scrapbooks, 1901–1909. A prodigious source, used only for the Prologue to this volume. (TRP)

Interviews and Reminiscences

Conversations between the author and Roosevelt’s surviving children are cited where relevant in the Chapter Notes, as are interviews conducted by Mary Hagedorn with various members of the Roosevelt family in the 1950s for the Columbia Oral History Project.

COW. Cowles, Anna Roosevelt. Four letter/memoirs to her son Sheffield Cowles, recalling her youth and TR’s childhood at 28 East Twentieth Street, plus random recollections of later years. (TRB and TRC)

FRE. French, J. F., interviewer. A collection of verbal reminiscences, mainly political, recorded in the 1920s with TR’s old New York Republican Associates. (TRB)

HUN. Hunt, Isaac, and Spinney, George. Verbal reminiscences, mainly of TR’s Assembly years, recorded during a dinner with Hermann Hagedorn at the Harvard Club, New York, on 20 Sept. 1923. Typed memorandum, including a supplementary Hunt statement, no date. (TRB)

Published Works

Ada. Adams, Henry. Letters, 1892–1918, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford. Boston, 1938.

Alex. Alexander, DeAlva S. A Political History of New York State. Vol. 4: “Four Famous New Yorkers.” New York, 1923.

Azo. Azoy, A.C.M. Charge! The Story of the Battle of San Juan Hill. New York, 1961.

Bea. Beale, Howard K. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power. Johns Hopkins Press, 1956.

Bee. Beer, Thomas. Hanna, Crane, and the Mauve Decade. Knopf, 1941.

Ber. Berman, Jay Stuart. Police Administration and Progressive Reform: Theodore Roosevelt as Police Commissioner of New York. Greenwood, 1987.

Bis. Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Theodore Roosevelt and His Time. Scribner’s, 1920.

Bur. Burton, David H. Theodore Roosevelt, Confident Imperialist. Philadelphia,