The Secret History of MI6 - Keith Jeffery [453]
2 Margaret Reid and Leif C. Holstead, ‘April 1940: A War Diary’, 100-1 (Reid papers, MS 708/3). Foley’s signals were circulated quite widely in London; see TNA, WO 106/6100 and FO 371/24834.
3 Jones recounted his wartime intelligence experiences in Most Secret War and Reflections on Intelligence.
4 The intensity of Swedish vigilance, both during the war and after, is illustrated by the detailed surveillance reports in ‘Underrättelstjänst och sabotage: Brittisk underrättelstjänst [Intelligence and sabotage: British intelligence service]’, vols 16 and 17, c. 1939-50 (Swedish Krigsarkivet).
5 For the Swedish security context, see Denham, Inside the Nazi Ring and McKay, From Information to Intrigue.
6 Mallet to Jebb (FO), 12 May 1940 (PUSD papers, FCO). The Rickman affair may be followed in Cruickshank, SOE in Scandinavia.
7 For Szymańska, see Garliński, Swiss Corridor, 84-92, which is in part based on interviews with Szymańska in 1979. Garliński’s narrative does not consistently match the evidence in the SIS archives.
8 Hinsley, British Intelligence, i, 56-7.
9 Best provided his own account in The Venlo Incident.
10 Because rationing applied to clothes, SIS had to arrange a special issue of clothing coupons for the agent to purchase the evening dress. See also Hazelhoff, Soldier of Orange, 100-16.
11 For SOE see Foot, SOE in the Low Countries.
12 See, for example, Service Clarence reports nos 1-45 (Feb. 1941-May 1942) (Service Clarence papers, box 1).
13 The Belgian side is reliably covered in Debruyne, Guerre secrète.
14 Richards, Secret Flotillas, i, 13-15, 32-61. Mme de Gaulle, in fact, had already managed to escape.
15 Menzies to Hopkinson (FO), 2 Apr. 1941 (PUSD papers, FCO).
16 De Young de la Marck, ‘De Gaulle, Colonel Passy and British intelligence’. For a dramatically reconstructed account, see Fourcade, L’Arche de Noé.
17 Hinsley, British Intelligence, ii, 248-9.
18 Polish intelligence work in Occupied Europe is very extensively covered in Stirling et al. (eds), Intelligence Co-operation.
19 There is background information about A.54 in Moravec, Master of Spies.
20 Templewood, Ambassador on Special Mission, 132-3; for an account of Hillgarth’s role, in the context of naval attachés generally, see McLachlan, Room 39, 186-207.
21 Hoare to Eden, 27 July, and to Cadogan, 8 Aug; Eden to Hoare, 4 Aug. 1941 (PUSD papers, FCO).
22 Daily Telegraph, 14 Aug. 1941; minutes by J. M. Addis and Menzies, 15 Aug. 1941 (PUSD papers, FCO).
23 Madrid to FO, 18 Oct. 1941 (PUSD papers, FCO). For Clarke, see Howard, British Intelligence, v, pp. xi-xii, 33; Holt, Deceivers; and Mure, Master of Deception.
24 Menzies to Loxley (FO), 13 Nov.; Hoare to Cadogan, 8 Dec. 1941; Hoare to Cadogan, 6 Jan.; minutes by Roger Makins and Peter Loxley, 8 Jan.; Cadogan to Hoare, 9 Jan. 1942 (PUSD papers, FCO).
25 Menzies to Cavendish-Bentinck, Loxley (two letters), 9 Mar., 19 Apr. and 21 Dec.; FO and Madrid tels, May-June 1942 (PUSD papers, FCO). See also Erskine, ‘Eavesdropping on “Bodden”’.
26 Johns’s version of events is in his memoir, Within Two Cloaks, 67-116.
27 Foot and Langley, MI9, 43. My account of MI9 is substantially based on this work, in which the authors were unable to reveal the true extent of SIS’s involvement with the organisation.
CHAPTER 12: FROM BUDAPEST TO BAGHDAD
1 The agent, for whom three months’ payment of £200 per month was authorised in July 1939, ran at least eight sub-agents.
2 For the situation and British policy generally in the region see Barker, British Policy in South-East Europe.
3 Memo by Lord Hankey, 24 May 1940 (TNA, CAB 127/375 (files retained in Cabinet Office)); Rendel to Cadogan, 11 Feb. 1940 (PUSD papers, FCO).
4 In 1942 the agent was awarded an honorary MBE, and in 1944 a DSO.
5 Hinsley, British Intelligence, i, 368-73. For the coup, see Onslow, ‘Britain and the Belgrade coup’.
6 ‘German offensive plans’ by ‘M.W.’, 31 Dec. 1940 (PUSD papers, FCO). For the discussions about German