The Storm of War - Andrew Roberts [347]
44· Over the top: Russian infantry charge out of a trench in Belorussia during Operation Bagration, the massive Soviet assault launched on 22 June 1944 which resulted in 381,000 Germans killed, 158,000 captured and the destruction of Army Group Centre.
45. The Ardennes Offensive: American troops crouching in snowy woods near Amonines in Belgium in December 1944 during the great German counter-attack they dubbed the Battle of the Bulge.
46. The aftermath of the Allied bombing of Dresden, on the night of 13/14 February 1945.
47. Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (behind the gun), General Sir Miles Dempsey, commander of the 2nd Army, and an ebullient Winston Churchill cross the Rhine in an amphibious vehicle on 25 March 1945.
48. Red Army troops ride on a T-34/85 tank towards Berlin, April 1945.
49. Marshal Georgi Zhukov – ‘the man who beat Hitler’ – enters Berlin in May 1945.
50. Marshal Ivan Konev: tough peasant soldier and fanatical Communist who became one of the great commanders of the war.
51. The city obliterated: Nagasaki after the atomic bomb dropped on 9 August 1945. Note the bridge that lay directly under the epicentre of the blast.
52. Japan’s Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and General Yoshijiro Umezu, the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, finally surrender aboard the battleship USS Missouri on 2 September 1945, six years and a day after the outbreak of the second world war.
Notes
ABBREVIATIONS
ALAB
Papers of Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London
BRGS
Laurence Burgis Papers at Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge
Cunningham
Papers of Admiral Lord Cunningham at the British Library
Ian Sayer Archive
Private collection of Mr Ian Sayer
KENN
Papers of Major-General Sir John Kennedy at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London
LH
Papers of Captain Basil Liddell Hart at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London
MARS
George C. Marshall Papers at the George C. Marshall Foundation, Lexington, Virginia
MHI
US Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
NA
British National Archives at Kew, of which CAB denotes Cabinet Papers, FO Foreign Office papers and PREM premiers’ papers
Portal
Papers of Sir Charles Portal at Christ Church, Oxford
TLS
Times Literary Supplement
Wyllie Archive
Papers of the late Mr Bruce Wyllie, in private hands
PRELUDE
1. Kershaw, Hitler: Hubris, p. 500
2. Ian Sayer Archive
3. Wheeler-Bennett, Nemesis of Power, p. 339
4. Stackelberg and Winkle, Nazi Germany Sourcebook, p. 176
5. Kershaw, Hitler: Hubris, pp. 547–8
6. Domarus, Essential Hitler, p. 604
7. Ibid., pp. 605–14
8. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, pp. 52–4
9. Liddell Hart, Other Side, p. 13
10. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 158
11. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, p. 58
12. ed. Self, Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters, p. 348
13. Cowling, The Impact of Hitler, p. 197
14. Hansard, vol. 339
15. Liddell Hart, Other Side, pp. 11–12
16. Ibid., p. 14
I: FOUR INVASIONS
1. Manvell and Fraenkel, Göring, p. 228
2. Jablonsky, Churchill and Hitler, p. 131
3. Heitmann, ‘Incident at Mosty’, pp. 47–54; Whiting, ‘Man Who Invaded Poland’, pp. 2–8
4. Heitmann, ‘Incident at Mosty’, p. 52
5. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 4
6. Michel, Second World War, p. 32
7. Calvocoressi and Wint, Total War, p. 100
8. Letter from Allan Mallinson, 18/12/2008
9. Keitel’s Nuremberg Papers in Ian Sayer Archive
10. Calvocoressi and Wint, Total War, p. 100
11. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 3; Michel, Second World War, p. 33
12. Howard, Captain Professor, p. 89
13. Calvocoressi and Wint, Total War, p. 101
14. Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, p. 49
15. ed. Cameron Watt, Mein Kampf, p. 603
16. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 30
17. Ibid., p. 2
18. Nicholas Stargardt, TLS, 10/10/2008, p. 9
19. ed. Sayer, Allgemeine SS, p. 1