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South Staffordshire Regiment 67, 267

South-East Asia Command (Allied; SEAC) 269

South-west Front (Russian) 334, 339

Southampton 102, 107

Southampton, HMS 40

Southern Resources Area (Japanese) 188, 189, 252, 256, 275

Soviet air force 152, 156, 160–61, 174, 423, 532

Soviet Information Buro (Sovinform) 524

Soviet Navy 173, 549

Soviet Union see USSR

Sovietskiy (village) 335

Sovinform (Soviet Information Buro) 524

Spa 505

Spaatz, General Carl ‘Tooey’ 440, 486

Spain: Civil War 4–5, 112, 347;

neutrality 112–13;

possibility of German attack through 307;

servicemen in Axis forces 316

Spartan, HMS 396

Spartans 30

Spears, Major-General (Sir) Louis 71, 72, 74, 76, 488

Special Operations Executive (British; SOE) 116–17, 124

Speer, Albert: aircraft production 446;

and bombing of British cities 103;

and bombing of German cities 429, 438–9, 444, 445, 447, 458, 459;

character 548;

construction of Birkenau 236;

and Guderian 543–4;

and Hitler’s ‘Demolitions on Reich Territory’ order 547, 596;

house in Obersalzberg 146;

and July Bomb Plotters 581–2;

and Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 413;

on possibility of losing war 513;

and proposed rebuilding of Berlin 114;

tank production 413, 422, 442, 447, 548, 594;

trial 548, 582;

U-boat production 371

Speidel, Lieutenant-General Hans 472

Spender, (Sir) Stephen 90

Sperrle, Field Marshal Hugo 75, 94

Spezia 380, 403

Spitfire (fighter aircraft) 95, 96–7, 98, 106, 449, 526

Spitzy, Reinhard 179

Sponeck, Theodor Count von 294

Spruance, Rear-Admiral Raymond 253, 256

SS (Schutzstaffel): Ardeatine massacre (1944) 379;

atrocities in occupied East 28–9, 494–5, 496;

Einsatzgruppen (action groups) 163, 222–3, 226–7, 242, 249;

and extermination camps 222–3, 226–7, 228–9, 234, 235, 245;

formation and expansion of 27–8;

massacres of POWs 64, 224;

Night of the Long Knives 1;

‘Race and Blood’ doctrine 28; see also SD (Sicherheitsdienst); Waffen-SS

stab-in-the-back myth (Dolchstosslegende) 484

Staerke, André de 61

Stagg, James 469–70

Stalin, Josef: and battle for Berlin 550, 552;

calls for Second Front 318, 434;

character 182, 183, 546;

and Cold War 604;

declares war on Japan 571;

forced relocation of ethnic Germans 184;

and German advance on Moscow 171, 174, 599–600;

and Hitler 524, 539, 584, 600;

and invasion of Poland 25;

and Kursk 413;

minimizing of losses 556;

and Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939) 10, 25, 29, 539, 603;

‘Not One Step Back’ Orders 161, 183, 326;

and Operation Bagration 532;

Potsdam Conference (1945) 562;

promises of Polish self-determination 538–9;

and punishment of German war crimes 557;

purges 223;

purging of Red Army 33, 143;

relations with Churchill 546;

relations with generals 154, 597, 602;

relations with Roosevelt 454–6;

and Stalingrad 319, 323, 324, 332;

Teheran Conference (1943) 382–3, 403, 545;

unpreparedness for German invasion 154–7;

and war crimes 555;

and Warsaw Uprising (1944) 536, 538;

and Winter War with Finland (1939–40) 29–30, 34;

Yalta Conference (1945) 454, 538, 545–6, 571

Stalin Line 154

Stalingrad (Tsaritsyn/Volgograd) 315, 320, 324, 336–7;

battle of (1942–3) 249, 308, 310, 314, 315–18, 319–45, 409, 413, 415, 416, 520, 587, 592, 593, 599, 600, 601, 605;

present-day Volgograd 320, 330, 548

‘Stand or die’ orders: Churchill’s 205;

Hitler’s 181, 299, 314, 336, 404, 522, 532, 540, 591, 593, 595

Stark, Admiral Harold 193, 357, 451

Stauffenberg, Colonel Count Claus von 481–2, 483, 484, 584

Stavanger 39, 40

Stavka (Soviet State Committee of Defence) 157, 158, 328, 413–14, 417, 426, 427, 542, 560, 597, 600, 602

Stavka Reserve Force 414

Stavropol 319

steel 354, 438, 598

Steinberg, Paul 236

Steiner, General Felix 553

Steppe Front 414, 424–5

Stevens, Sergeant Roy 475

Stilwell, General Joseph ‘Vinegar Joe’ 212, 265, 266–7, 268, 269

Stimson, Henry L. 193

Stokes, (Sir) Richard 456

Stone, Norman 147, 458, 591

Stopford, General Sir Montagu 272

Strachan, Hew 282

Strachey, Lytton 91

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of 557

Strangeways, Captain David 54

Streicher, Julius