The Theory of Moral Sentiments - Adam Smith [254]
Raleigh, Sir Walter (ca. 1552-1618), English explorer of the New World; he was imprisoned by James I in 1603 for alleged conspiracy, then released to head a second, unsuccessful expedition in search of gold, but tried and executed on his return.
Regulus (Marcus Atilius Regulus; 3rd c. BC), Roman statesman and general defeated by Carthaginians in 255 BC; according to patriotic legend, he was released from captivity for purposes of negotiation but on returning to Rome insisted that no quarter be given to its enemies, following which he willingly returned to Carthage to face imprisonment, torture, and execution.
Retz, Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de (1614-1679), Archbishop of Paris and principal figure in a series of political intrigues in France and across Europe, and chronicled in his Mémoires (pub. 1717) with a series of character sketches and reflections on the politics of the age of Louis XIV.
Riccoboni, Marie-Jeanne (1713-1792), French novelist known for her contributions to the growth of sentimental literature; she became an admirer of Smith after their meeting in Paris in 1766.
Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761), English novelist famed for his epistolary novel Pamela (1740) and his Clarissa (1748), chief exemplars of eighteenth-century English sentimental fiction.
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de (1585-1642), French clergyman and politician; the author of influential works on the catechism, he was also principal minister of Louis XIII, in which capacity he sought to promote royal absolutism and weaken Protestant resistance within France, and to advance French interests abroad.
Robertson, William (1721-1793), Scottish historian, clergyman, and principal of the University of Edinburgh; with Hume and Gibbon, one of the main 18th c. British philosophical historians and the author of a History of Scotland (1759) and a History of the Reign of Emperor Charles V (1769), which included his influential “View of the Progress of Society in Europe.”
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778), Genevan philosopher of politics, ethics, education and the arts; his corpus was well known to Smith, who particularly engaged with his key works of the period from 1755 to 1762, including the Discourse on the Origins of Inequality (1755), the Letter to d’Alembert (1758), Emile, or On Education (1762), and the Social Contract (1762).
Russell, William, Lord (1639-1683), English politician prominent in Whig circles, and executed alongside Algernon Sidney for his participation in the Rye House Plot.
Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus; ca. 86-35 BC), Roman statesman and historian who withdrew from practical political life to write histories of the Catilinian conspiracy and the Jugurthan War.
Santeuil, Jean (1630-1697), French poet and author of sacred hymns and Latin verses.
Scipio Aemilianus (Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Minor; 185-129 BC), Roman general and statesman, adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus, and conqueror of Carthage.
Scipio Africanus (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major; 236-183 BC), Roman general and statesman famed as the victor over Hannibal in 202.
Scipio Nasica (Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum; 2nd c. BC), Roman statesman and son-in-law of Scipio Africanus.
Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Seneca the Younger; 4 BC-AD 65), Roman author and advisor to Nero; his political career was dominated by his efforts to moderate Nero’s tyranny, and his prose and poetic works, which included moral treatises, shorter moral epistles, and several tragedies, were marked by an ascetic Stoicism.
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of (1621-1683), English statesman who found favor under both Cromwell and Charles II, but was forced into exile prior to the accession of James II; grandfather to the third Earl, he employed John Locke as secretary and tutor.
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of (1671-1713), English philosopher and author of the influential Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711), which included his Inquiry Concerning