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By Root 1640 0

families, coming into hourly association with their sons, and daughters, we shudder, at the consequences, and cannot forbear asking the question: “Are there no means of preventing all this?” Is the Superintendent of the Female House of Correction (!) afraid of these harpies? Or is he too indolent or too good-natured to trouble himself about the matter? We cannot think that either is the case; for we believe Mr. Hutchinson to be a righteous man, and not likely to tolerate such rank abomination. If he be ignorant of the practices to which we have referred, we will willingly afford him all the information, that we possess. In concluding this painful subject, we may observe, that a favorite resort of this Flash Mob, when any of its members are out of the Factory, is the Canteen of a Sunday afternoon, and the Military Barracks of a Sunday night, where comfortable quarters may be procured until the morning! The whole system of Female Prison Discipline is bad and rotten at the very core, tending only to vice, immorality, and the most disgusting licentiousness.

NOTES

Introduction

1 Thomas Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland (Yorkshire, UK: EP Publishing, 1974), 319.

2 Susanna Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry: Compiled from Her Journal, as Edited by Her Daughters, and from Various Other Sources (Philadelphia: Henry Longstreth, 1853), 251, 312; Abraham Harvey, 2nd Officer, “Reminiscences of the Voyage of the Garland Grove 2,” Archives of Tasmania, NS816; Frances J. Woodward, Portrait of Jane: A Life of Lady Franklin (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1951), 143.

Chapter 1: The Grey-Eyed Girl

1 Scottish Record Office. High Court of Justiciary Processes, Reference JC26.

2 T.M. Devine, The Scottish Nation (New York: Viking Press, 1999), 334.

3 Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria: A Personal History (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2000), 12.

4 Janet R. Glover, The Story of Scotland (New York: Roy Publishers, 1960), 320.

5 Heather Shore, Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early 19th-Century London (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1999), 49.

6 E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (New York: Vintage Books, 1966), 267.

7 Thomas Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland (Yorkshire, UK: EP Publishing, 1974), 295.

8 L. A. Selby-Bigge, ed., British Moralists: Being Selections from Writers Principally of the Eighteenth Century, Volume I (New York: Dover Publications, 1965), 394.

9 T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population; or, A View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness with an Inquiry into our Prospects Respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which it Occasions (London: Ward, Lock and Co., 1890), 579.

10 Glover, The Story of Scotland, 257.

11 Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland, 294.

12 W. Hamish Fraser and Irene Maver, eds., Glasgow Volume II: 1830 to 1912 (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996), 361.

13 Ibid., 362.

14 Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland, 319.

15 R. A. Cage, ed., The Working Class in Glasgow, 1750-1914 (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 42.

16 Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland, 203.

17 Ibid., 273.

18 Ibid., 318.

19 Douglas A. Galbi, “Through Eyes in the Storm: Aspects of the Personal History of Women Workers in the Industrial Revolution,” prepublication draft, Social History, Vol. 21, No. 2 (May 1996), 142-159; http://www.galbithink.org/eyes.pdf, 17.

20 Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland, 319.

21 Ibid.

22 “Child Labour, Factory Workers: Robert Blincoe,” http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRblincoe.htm.

23 Excerpt from A Memoir of Robert Blincoe (1828) by John Brown, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRblincoe.htm.

24 Ibid.

25 Johnston, The History of the Working Classes of Scotland, 322.

26 Samuel Fielden, excerpt from Autobiography of Samuel Fielden (1887), http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRpunishments.htm.

27 “Child Labour, Sarah Carpenter,” http:/ /www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRpunishments.htm.