The Two-Income Trap - Elizabeth Warren [133]
100 Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, Bankruptcy Floor Statement, July 12, 2001.
101 Phil Shenon, “Abortion Issue Holds up Bill on Bankruptcy,” New York Times, April 30, 2002. Shenon writes: “The provision would bar abortion opponents from declaring bankruptcy to avoid paying court-imposed fines or damages that result from violent protests at abortion clinics. In recent years, a number of prominent abortion foes have used the bankruptcy laws for that purpose, among them Randall Terry, the founder of Operation Rescue. In declaring bankruptcy in 1998, Mr. Terry said he wanted to avoid paying debts, which then totaled more than $1 million, ‘to those who would use my money to promote the killing of the unborn.’”
102 Philip Shenon, “Lenders’ Ads Urge Senator to Drop Item from Debt Bill,” New York Times, May 21, 2002.
103 Bolton, “Bankruptcy Bill Is Conflict for Daschle.”
104 The bankruptcy filing rates in 2001 were 39.9 per 1,000 for black homeowners, 14.4 for Hispanic homeowners, and 5.8 for white homeowners. National data on the number of homeowners by racial group from U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001, Annual Survey (2001). Available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/01adtchrt/tab3-1.html [3/22/03].
105 HUD, Federal Housing Authority Single Family Mortgage Insurance Foreclosures, Cumulative by Number and Percent, 1982-2002, unpublished data.
106 In Chicago, 41 percent of the city’s subprime refinancing occurs in black neighborhoods, although only 10 percent of the overall refinancing takes place in these same neighborhoods. HUD, Unequal Burden. An Illinois study found that there are 37 percent more payday loans issued in minority neighborhoods than in white neighborhoods. Woodstock Institute, Unregulated Payday Lending Pulls Vulnerable Consumers into Spiraling Debt, Reinvestment Alert Number 14 (Chicago: Woodstock Institute, March 2000). Available at www.woodstockinst.org/alert.pdf [2/2/2003].
107 In 1996, a Texaco employee revealed secret tape recordings he had made of Texaco executives disparaging African-American employees and discussing the shredding of documents pertaining to a discrimination case. After this release, civil rights leaders called for a boycott against the company, a number of customers cut up their Texaco credit cards, and some investors sold their Texaco stock. Within two weeks of the disclosure, Texaco agreed to pay $140 million to settle the case. The outrage over these tapes prompted the company to adopt new policies to promote equality and erase discrimination within its organization. See, e.g., Adam Bryant, “How Much Has Texaco Changed?” New York Times, November 2, 1997; Tim Whitmire, “Tapes Don’t Stick in Court: Ex-Texaco Executives Walk,” Chicago Sun-Times, May 13, 1998.
108 See chapter 1, note 10, and chapter 5, notes 17 and 21, for more information on these calculations.
109 Letter from American Association of University Women, Children NOW, Children’s Defense Fund, Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP), Feminist Majority Foundation, National Association of Commissions for Women (NACW), National Center for Youth Law, National Organization for Women, National Partnership for Women and Families, National Women’s Conference, National Women’s Law Center, National Youth Law Center, NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, OWL, The Women Activist Fund, Inc., Wider Opportunities for Women, Women Employed,