The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [261]
Abramowitz quote from interview, Apr. 22, 1995. For Sneider and Vessey meeting with Park, Emb. cable, "Meeting with President Park," Mar. 1, 1977, secret (declassified 1996). Carter's informal instructions are on a handwritten memo from "J.C." to "Zbig and Cy," Mar. 5, 1977, in the Carter Presidential Library, secret (declassified 1996).
Talking points from "Meeting with South Korean Foreign Minister Pak Tong-Chin," Memo from Brzezinski to Carter, Mar. 8, 1977, secret (declassified 1996). Foreign Minister Park's version is from his memoir, One Will on a Long Road (Seoul Dong-A Publishing Co., 1992), in Korean. Failure to approach Soviets and Chinese, "Approach to Soviets and Chinese on our troop withdrawals from Korea," Department of State Action Memorandum, June 10, 1977, confidential (declassified 1996).
Quote on "missing dimension," "Talks Between South Korea and North Korea with or without PRC Participation," Memorandum for the President (believed to be from Vance, about July 25, 1977), secret (declassified 1996). For Carter's response, see Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Talks between North Korea and South Korea," Memorandum for the Secretary of State, Aug. 5, 1977, secret (declassified 1996).
For Vance efforts in China, David Anderson for Peter Tarnoff, "Efforts to Promote a Dialogue Between South and North," Memorandum for Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Sept. 2, 1977, top secret (declassified 1996). This was amplified by a telephone interview with William Gleysteen, who accompanied Vance to China, Nov 19, 1996. Carter atomic weapons quote, WP, Mar. 21, 1976. For numbers of weapons at the time, William Arkin telephone interview, Mar. 4, 1995. For Harold Brown's view on nuclear weapons, Brown interview, July 12, 1995.
"Rebellion" against the president, Richard Holbrooke interview, Aug. 10, 1993. Harold Brown on limits of loyalty, interview, July 12, 1995. Cyrus Vance view, Vance interview, Feb. 4, 1994. Zbigniew Brzezinski on Carter's beliefs, Brzezinski interview, Mar. 1, 1994. Carter's withdrawal order, Presidential Directive/NSC-12, May 5, 1977, top secret/sensitive/eyes only (declassified 1991). The nuclear aspects of the decision remain classified.
For Park's comment to reporters, Sunwoo Ryun, "Voice Testimony of Park Chung Hee," Monthly Chosun (Mar. 1993), in Korean. For Park's position on withdrawal, former Korean official, interview, July 20, 1993. Brzezinski comments on "uphill battle" in Congress, Memorandum for the President from Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Congressional Reactions to our Korean Policy," July 21, 1977, confidential (declassified 1996).
Carter on cooperation with corruption probes, Memorandum from Robert Lipshutz and Zbigniew Brzezinski, "White House Role in Congressional Investigation of Korean Misdoings," June 23, 1977, confidential (declassified 1997).
The Rich quote is from Robert G. Rich, Jr., US. Ground Force Withdrawal from Korea: A Case Study in National Security Decision Making, Executive Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, June 1982. Carter comment to Brzezinski, Brzezinski interview, Mar. 1, 1994; telephone conversation, Mar. 3, 1994. For Harold Brown on aide's dilemma, letter to me, July 23, 1996.
For senior aides meeting on withdrawal, Zbigniew Brzezinski Memorandum to the President, "Summary of April 11, 1978 Meeting on Korea and China," secret (declassified 1996). Carter irritation with Brown, Brown interview, July 12, 1995, and Brzezinski interviews.
The View from Pyongyang: North Korea on nepotism, cited in Jae Kyu Park, "North Korean Policy Toward the United States," Asian Perspectives, vol. 5 (Fall-Winter 1981), p. 144. The history of North Korean efforts