The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [276]
Chung Ju Yung's revelation and Roh's response are reported in Park Byeong Seog, "Political Corruption in South Korea: Concentrating on the Dynamics of Party Politics," Asian Perspective (Spring-Summer 1995), p. 172.
Summit Diplomacy and the Four-Party Proposal: My account of the 1995 and 1996 diplomacy is based on interviews with four U.S. officials who were involved. For Kim Young Sam quote to Clinton about August 15, U.S. official, interview, Aug. 14, 1996. "We thought we'd done enough," U.S. official, interview, May 8, 1996.
Chinese response to four-way talks proposal, "Jiang Sends Letter to Kim to Support 4-Way Peace Talks," KT, May 22, 1996. On the Kissinger proposal of peace talks and others along this line, see Kim Hak Joon, Unification Policies of South and North Korea, 1945-1991 (Seoul National University Press, 1992), pp. 371ff. The UN special alert, "WFP Warns North Korea Food Situation Deteriorating Sharply," press release and report of World Food Program, United Nations, May 13, 1996. Contrast in South Korea, "One in Four Koreans Is on Diet: Survey," KH, Apr. 9, 1996.
The Submarine Incursion: For details on the submarine incident, see "Chronology of Events Surrounding Incursion on the Territory of the ROK by North Koreans," information office of the ROK Embassy, Washington, Oct. 4, 1996, and reporting in KH and KT The 1976 quote on infiltration, USFK Hist. 1976, p. 53, secret (declassified 1995).
On DPRK submarines, "PRC Magazine on DPRK's Submarine Strength," FBIS-EAS, Feb. 21, 1995, p. 36. Kim Young Sam quotes on submarine incident, Shim Jae Hoon, "Submarine Shocker," Far Eastern Economic Review, Oct. 3, 1996; Chon Shi Yong, "Kim Sees `Possibility of War."' KH, Oct. 8, 1996. Kevin Sullivan's interview with Kim Young Sam, "S. Korea Demands Apology from North; Kim Suspends Nuclear Deal After Sub Incident," WP, Nov 9, 1996. Initial DPRK announcement, "Statement by a Spokesman for North Korea's Armed Forces Ministry," Sept. 23, 1996, Korea and World Affairs (Fall 1996), p. 516.
Plunk quotes from senior ROK official, "No Way to Deal with North Korea," WP, Sept. 29, 1996; Plunk telephone interview, Feb. 6, 1997. Revelation about unilateral attack plans, "ROK Ready to Hit 12 DPRK Targets in Event of Attack," FBIS-EAS, Oct. 16, 1996. Kristof's article in the wake of the submarine incursion, "How a Stalled Submarine Sank North Korea's Hopes," NYT, Nov 19, 1996.
U.S.-ROK discussions on unilateral military action, from confidential interviews in Seoul and Washington with officials involved. Tilelli on "complete" satisfaction, Tilelli interview, Apr. 22, 1997.
North Korea s Steep Decline: Song Young Dae on "stability within instability," his article, "Changes in North Korea and How to Respond," Korea Focus, Jan.-Feb. 1997. I also interviewed Song in Seoul, Apr. 22, 1997. The Kim Jong Il speech of Dec. 7, 1996, was published by Monthly Chosun in Mar. 1997. My English translation was from the BBC, Mar. 21, 1997. I learned that Hwang Jang Yop was the source of the speech from Kim Yong Sam, the Monthly Chosun reporter who obtained it, and whom I interviewed Apr. 16, 1997.
Tilelli quotes from Tilelli interview, Apr. 22, 1997. China customs data for food, fuel from U.S. Institute of Peace, Special Report on Korea, June 1998.
Kim Jong Il's military and nonmilitary activities in 1996 are listed in Vantage Point (Naewoe Press, Seoul), Dec. 1996 and Jan. 1997. The Tilelli quotes are from the Tilelli interview, Apr. 22, 1997.
The Passage of Hwang Tang Yop: This section is based largely on Hwang's letters and other documents provided to Monthly Chosun reporter Kim Yong Sam by intermediary Lee Yon Kil and published after Hwang's defection. It is also based on interviews with Kim Yong Sam on Apr. 16, 1997; with Hajime Izumi on Mar. 8, 1997; and with Songhee Stella Kim on Apr. 23, 1997, and on Kim Yong Sam's retrospective article in Monthly Chosun in June 1997.
The phone call to set up the defection, from interview with a senior ROK