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By Root 2017 0

into circulating and fixed capital, ib. Characteristic of fixed capitals, 377. The several kinds of fixed capital specified, ib. Characteristic of circulating capitals, and the several kinds of, 377–8. Fixed capitals supported by those which are circulating, ib. Circulating capitals, how supported, ib. Intention of a fixed capital, 379. The expense of maintaining the fixed and circulating capitals, illustrated, 382. Money as an article of circulating capital, considered, ib. Money, no measure of capital, 388. What quantity of industry any capital can employ, 392. Capitals, how far they may be extended by paper credit, 404. Must always be replaced with profit by the annual produce of land, and labour, 435. The proportion between capital and revenue, regulates the proportion between industry and idleness, 437. How it is increased or diminished, ib. National evidences of the increase of, 443. In what instances private expenses contribute to enlarge the national capital, 447. The increase of, reduces profits by competition, 453. The different ways of employing a capital, 459. How replaced to the different classes of traders, 461–2. That employed in agriculture puts into motion a greater quantity of productive labour, than any equal capital employed in manufactures, 462–3. That of a manufacturer should reside within the country, 464. The operation of capitals employed in agriculture, manufactures, and foreign trade, compared, 465. The prosperity of a country depends on the due proportion of its capital applied to these three grand objects, 467. Different returns of capitals employed in foreign trade, 468. Is rather employed on agriculture than in trade and manufactures, on equal terms, 481. Is rather employed in manufactures than in foreign trade, 482. The natural progress of the employment of, 483. Acquired by trade, is very precarious until realised by the cultivation and improvement of land, 519. The employment of, in the different species of trade, how determined, 30

Capitation taxes, the nature of, considered, 462. In England, 463. In France, ib.

Carriage, land and water, compared, 122. Water carriage contributes to improve arts and industry, in all countries where it can be used, 123, 251. Land, how facilitated and reduced in price, by public works, 312.

Carrying trade, the nature and operation of, examined, 470. Is the symptom, but not the cause, of national wealth, and hence points out the two richest countries in Europe, 473. Trades may appear to be carrying trades, which are not so, ib. The disadvantages of, to individuals, 30–31. The Dutch, how excluded from being the carriers to Great Britain, 40. Drawbacks of duties originally granted for the encouragement of, 81.

Carthaginian army, its superiority over the Roman army, accounted for, 290.

Cattle, and corn, their value compared, in the different stages of agriculture, 252. The price of, reduced by artificial grasses, 255. To what height the price of cattle may rise in an improving country, 325. The raising a stock of, necessary for the supply of manure to farms, 326. Cattle must bear a good price to be well fed, ib. The price of, rises in Scotland in consequence of the union with England, 327. Great multiplication of European cattle in America, 328. Are killed in some countries, merely for the sake of the hides and tallow, 336. The market for these articles more extensive than for the carcase, ib. This market sometimes brought nearer home by the establishment of manufactures, ib. How the extension of cultivation raises the price of animal food, 349. Is perhaps the only commodity more expensive to transport by sea than by land, 36. Great Britain never likely to be affected by the free importation of Irish cattle, ib.

Certificates, parish, the laws relating to, with observations on them, 243.

Child, Sir Josiah, his observation on trading companies, 325–6.

Children, riches unfavourable to the production, and extreme poverty to the raising, of them, 181. The mortality still greater among those maintained by charity, 182.

China, to what the early improvement in