The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [365]
Russia, was civilised under Peter I. by a standing army, 295.
Sailors, why no sensible inconvenience felt by the great numbers disbanded at the close of a war, 46.
Salt, account of foreign salt imported into Scotland, and of Scots salt delivery duty free, for the fishery, Append., 552. Is an object of heavy taxation everywhere, 469. The collection of the duty on, expensive, 494. Sardinia, the land-tax how assessed there, 447, 537.
Saxon lords, their authority and jurisdiction as great before conquest, as those of the Normans were afterward, 510.
Schools, parochial, observations on, 371.
Science, is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition, 384.
Scipio, his Spanish militia, rendered superior to the Carthaginian militia by discipline and service, 291.
Scotland, compared with England, as to the prices of labour and provisions, 178. Remarks on the population of the Highlands, 182. The market rate of interest, higher than the legal rate, 192. The situation of cottagers there, described, 220. Apprenticeships and corporations, 225. The common people of, why neither so strong nor so handsome as the same class in England, 265. Cause of the frequent emigrations from, 295. Progress of agriculture there before the union with England, 327. Present obstructions to better husbandry, ib. The price of wool reduced by the union, 341, 236. Operation of the several banking companies established there, 393. Amount of the circulating money there before the union, 394. Amount of the present circulating cash, ib. Course of dealings in the Scots bank, 395. Difficulties occasioned by these banks issuing too much paper, 400. Necessary caution for some time observed by the banks in giving credit to their customers, with the good effects of it, 403. The scheme of drawing and redrawing adopted by traders, 406. Its pernicious tendency explained, 407. History of the Ayr bank, 412. Mr Law’s scheme to improve the country, 416. The prices of goods in, not altered by paper currency, 424. Effect of the optional clauses in their notes, 425. Cause of the speedy establishment of the Reformation there, 396. The disorders attending popular elections of the clergy there, occasion the right of patronage to be established, 399. Amount of the whole revenue of the clergy, 403.
Sea service and military service by land, compared, 211.
Sects in religion, the more numerous, the better for society, 380. Why they generally profess the austere system of morality, 382.
Self-love, the governing principle in the intercourse of human society, 118.
Servants, menial, distinguished from hired workmen, 430. The various orders of men, who rank in the former class, in reference to their labours, ib; their labour unproductive, 261.
Settlements of the poor, brief review of the English laws relating to, 240. The removals of the poor, a violation of natural liberty, 245. The law of, ought to be repealed, 47.
Sheep, frequently killed in Spain, for the sake of the fleece and the tallow, 336. Severe laws against the exportation of them and their wool, 232.
Shepherds, war how supported by a nation of, 279. Inequality of fortune among, the source of great authority, 299. Birth and family highly honoured in nations of shepherds, 301. Inequality of fortune first began to take place in the age of shepherds, 302. And introduced civil government, ib.
Shetland, how rents are estimated and paid there, 248.
Silk, manufacture, how transferred from Lucca to Venice, 504.
Silver, the first standard coinage of the northern subverters of the Roman empire, 142. Its proportional value of gold, regulated by law, ib. Is the measure of the value of gold, 144. Mint price of silver in England, 145. Inquiry into the difference between the mint and market prices of bullion, ib. How to prevent the silver coin from being melted down for profit, 147. The mines of, in Europe, why generally abandoned, 273. Evidences of the small profit yield to proprietors in Peru, 274. Qualities for which this metal is valued, 277. The most abundant mines of, would add little to the wealth